In a material mathematical dependence of a cash flow of rent receipts for using a certain land lot and on sales by means of the simple linear equations that gives the chance to carry out calculation of efficiency of sale and rent of the land lots is shown.
SALE OR RENT:
The direction of receipts from payment for the earth in budgets of all levels from sale or rent of the land lots becomes frequent a reason for serious discussions. Why? Let’s consider the problem more in details.
By basic provisions of the legislation of Ukraine, in particular, article 1 of the Law of Ukraine About a payment for the earth it is defined that using the earth in Ukraine is paid. Owners of land and land users are obliged to pay in budgets of all levels the land tax, tenants of the land lots of the state and municipal form of ownership – a rent.
According to article 7 of the Law of Ukraine About a payment for the earth the tax on the land lots in borders of settlements makes 1 % from a standard monetary assessment of this land lot, and behind borders of settlements is established (on separate categories of lands), proceeding from a monetary assessment of an arable land on area.
Tenants of the land lots of the state and municipal form of ownership bring a rent which, according to article 21 of the Law of Ukraine About a ground lease, can make from 1 to 10 % of a standard monetary assessment of the land lots in the budget.
Bodies of the state executive authority and local self-government are released from payment of the land tax.
To track the mathematical mechanism of process, we will consider in time a cash flow of receipts in budgets of all levels from transfer to rent of the land lots.
Considering the aforesaid, it is possible to define precisely mathematical dependence of a cash flow of rent receipts for using a certain land lot which looks like the simple linear equation:
Nb = (n x Hro x X) (1)
where:
Nb – receipt in budgets of all levels, UAH;
Ngo – a standard monetary assessment of the land lot, UAH;
n – a rate of a rent, %;
X\number of years for which the cash flow, is calculated years;
Mathematical dependence of a cash flow of receipts in the budget from sale of the land lot will have the following appearance:
Nb = Central processing unit + Szpkh (2)
where:
Nb – receipt in budgets of all levels, UAH;
The central processing unit – the price of sale of the land lot (an expert monetary assessment), UAH;
With zp – a rate of the land tax, UAH;
X\number of years for which the cash flow, is calculated years.
So, it is possible to express efficiency of rent or sale of the land lot in time period for which cash flows from sale and rent will be made even. To calculate this indicator it is possible by means of the decision of system of the linear equations (1, 2):
Nb = (p x Ngo) X
Nb = Central processing unit + Szp X-th
Simplification of this system leads to mathematical expression of efficiency of sale and rent of the land lots. The formula of efficiency will look like:
X = the Central processing unit / ((n x Ngo) – Szp) (3)
where:
X\the period through which receipts from sale and rent will be made even, years;
Ngo – a standard monetary assessment of the land lot, UAH.;
The central processing unit – the price of sale of the land lot (an expert monetary assessment), UAH.;
Program status word – a rate of the land tax, UAH.
Such approach gives the chance without heavy expenses of time for carrying out the analysis to carry out calculation of efficiency of sale of the land lot, having some all-widespread indicators, and to apply them to any land lots, irrespective of a designated purpose, location, a configuration, the area, extent of development, etc.
The analysis of several sales of the land lots of a different designated purpose in the Kherson area it is provided in table 1.
It is necessary to note also that by article 21 of the Law of Ukraine About a ground lease it is defined that in case of buying of rent of the land lot on the competitive beginnings the rent can exceed 10 % of a standard monetary assessment of the land lot. In that case efficiency of rent or sale of the land lots can change considerably depending on a circle of participants of competition and their solvency.
Scope of this order can be different: justification of the price of sale of the land lot, planning of use of ground fund of an administrative and territorial unit, establishment of an optimum ratio of different forms of ownership on the earth, development of documentation from land management, adoption of reasonable administrative decisions in branch of land use and the budgetary policy at different levels of management, ensuring planned character of development of the enterprises and business owners, etc.
Table 1
The analysis of efficiency of sale of some land lots of nonagricultural appointment in the Kherson area at a rate of a rent of 10 % of a standard monetary assessment of the land lot