The comment of one of developers of this standard is presented.
In the previous issue of the newspaper the new agricultural standard was presented to attention of readers.
In this publication we offer you the comment of one of developers of this Situation (standard).
P (C) BU 30 Biological assets comes into force since January 1, 2007, and for studying of norms of a standard and their approbation still there is time. During 2006 Minagropolitiki is necessary:
• to develop a uniform technique of accounting of economic operations in agricultural enterprises;
• to develop Methodical recommendations otnoyositelno standard 30 applications;
• to carry out corresponding explanatory rabotu or practical training of specialists of uchetyony services of agricultural enterprises.
It is possible to tell that P (C) BU 30 – a standard of the otrasleyovy direction. Therefore, its application extends on the enterprises, the organizations and druyogy legal entities of all forms of ownership (krome banks and the budgetary establishments), which osushhestvlyayut agricultural activity.
Notice: norms P (C) BU 30 don’t extend:
• on agricultural production, which xranitsya after its initial recognition;
• products of processing of an agricultural proyoduktsiya (meat products, fish products, wine materials, flour, grain, etc.);
• the biological assets which have not been connected with selskokhoyozyaystvenny activity.
Biological asset (further – OH) it is necessary to understand a live animal or a plant as the term (stebli a rye, wheat, etc.) which in the course of bioloyogichesky growth (biological transformations) sposobny to give agricultural production (prirost live weight, wool, manure, eggs, etc.) before preprocessing and/or additional OH (telyata, pigs, saplings etc.) which have a spoyosobnost samovosproizvoditsya and in the future prinesut to an economy an economic benefit.
For accounting are OH divided:
• on the current;
• long-term,
The current treat OH which give selskokhoyozyaystvenny production and/or additional biological assets and in a different way bring vygodu to the enterprise during the period, not prevyshayoyushchy 12 months, and also animals on a vyrashchiyovaniye and fatten.
In turn, current and long-term OH according to the similar characteristics, appointment and usyoloviya of use are classified on otyodelny groups or subgroups (objects) ucheta. They are provided to be led separate priyolozheniye to Methodical recommendations.
It is necessary to tell that recognition OH (additional OH) or agricultural production is carried out by an asset provided that their cost can be authentically defined for balance date.
Take into consideration: with the advent of P (C) BU 30 Biological assets which the Selyyosky economy is based on Mezhyodunarodn a standard of accounting 41, is entered essentially new approach to account bases, an assessment of assets, an opredeleyoniya of financial results of a production deyayotelnost and to information disclosure in a financial otyochetnost.
Assessment of biological assets
With introduction P (C) BU 30 will be applied new podxod to methods of an assessment of an agricultural proyoduktsiya (assets), which today baziruetsya on planned prime cost (according to the items of expenditure stated in Methodical recommendations No. 132).
The essence of a new approach consists in the following:
• if the biological asset is acquired on the party, it is enlisted on balance on an initial stoyoimost which is determined by norms P (C) by BU 7 "Fixed assets" and P (C) BU 9 "Stocks" in a zavisiyomost from what it OH:
- long-term (working and productive cattle, mnoyogoletny plantings)
or
- flowing (animals on cultivation also fatten);
• gratuitously received OH and OH, received as a contribution to authorized capital of the enterprise, ocenivayutsya at fair value with the account rasxodov, connected with their finishing to a prigodyony condition for use;
• production of plant growing received from collecting grain, will be credited on fair stoimosti, reduced by expected expenses on a sale place, conducting of Dt 271 – Kt 231.
At determination of fair value OH and selyyokhozproduktsiya it is necessary to use the prices of the akyotivny market, namely the price on which during nastoyoyashchy time it is possible to realize OH or a selkhozproyoduktsiya. In the absence of the active market spravedliyovy cost define proceeding from the cost specified in other available sources (privedeny in item 14 P (C) BU 30).
Feature of an assessment additional OH: at peryovonachalny recognition they are estimated at sprayovedlivy cost in that reporting period, in koyotory they were separated from the biological asset, reduced by expected expenses on a sale place.
Expenses on a sale place – it:
• commissions to intermediaries and toryogovy agents;
• exchange collecting;
• taxes and duty with which operations on sale are assessed.
The transport and other types of expenses connected with delivery of a selyyokhozproduktsiya (assets) to a place of sale don’t belong to the given expenses.
Example
Market cost of party of grain, zaplanirovanyony to sale, makes 200 thousand UAH. Ozhidayutsya expenses:
• on delivery of grain to a grain warehouse - 15 thousand UAH.;
• commission payment torgovomu to the agent – 5 thousand UAH.
The VAT – 40 thousand UAH.
From here fair value of party of grain, till its sale, makes 155 thousand UAH. (200 – 5 – 40),
Income, expenses and financial results
Traditionally the expenses connected with process of kacheyostvenny and quantitative changes OH, admit expenses of primary activity of an economy. They are considered on balance account 23 "Production" by separate types and OH groups according to P (C) BU 16 "Expenses".
To accountants definition of the income or expenses from initial recognition OH and agricultural products is new. On norms P (C) (item 9 and 12) BU 30 they are defined as a difference between fair value OH both agricultural products and expenses on their production. For the sum of the income (expenses) which arose at initial recognition during an oprikhodovaniye of production of plant growing (zhivotnoyovodstvo), in the account the following records become:
• for the income sum: Dt 231, 232 – Kt 71 *;
• for the sum of expenses: Dt 94* – Kt 231, 232.
The income (expenses) of initial recognition of selyyoskokhozyaystvenny cultures carry on financial result as a part of other operating income or expenses:
• for the sum of the income: Dt 71 – Kt 79;
• for the sum of expenses: Dt 79 – Kt 94.
It actually the first financial result from operating activities of an economy.
The second financial result arises from realization of stocks – agricultural production and OH which assessment was carried out at fair value minus expenses on a sale place which we already remembered. Thus prime cost realized OH and agricultural products is equal stoimosti on which they are reflected in the account for reayolizatsiya date.
In accounting the following records are carried out:
Dt 79 – Kt 901,
Dt 701 – Kt 79.
The third financial result can result from change of fair value of a selyyokhozproduktsiya and OH for balance date. In that case in the account for the sum of adjustment of cost records become:
Dt 79 – Kt 94, Dt 71 – Kt 79.
In financial statements f. No. 2 The report ofinansovy results increase or reduction of balance cost is OH reflected as a part of other operating income or other operating expenses.
In end we will note that OH, as a result their vydeleyoniya in separate registration category, should be expelled from structure of fixed assets and stocks. Introduction of new its balance account is respectively provided.
Besides, prior to the beginning of action P (C) BU 30 in deystvuyoyushchy standards on accounting, the Plan schetov, forms of financial statements will be brought a number of changes and the additions made taking into account kritiyochesky remarks of experts and scientists concerning the account and the reporting, and also Methodical recommendations concerning application P (C) BU 30 (with a numerical example and correspondence of accounts of accounting are developed).
* At modification of Book of accounts separate subaccounts for the accounting of the income and expenses will be determined by kinds of activity.
(On Balans-Agro newspaper materials).