Features of branch of a svinovodstvo are given in a note. Properties and pork structure are presented.
UDC
Pork – an important food product. From it prepare smoked products (gammons, briskets, grudinka, rolls), sausages and sausages and more three tens first and the second dishes, cold appetizers.
Not without reason a pig always in the people called by "moneybox".
Profitability of a svinovodstvo is defined by a number of important biological features of these animals. Pigs are characterized the mnogoplodiy. At the correct feeding and the contents from one uterus receive 10-12 pigs for a farrow or 20 pigs and more in a year. The short period of the suporosnost, which duration of 114-116 days, allows to receive 5 farrows in two years. Pigs possess high biological and economic precocity. The sow can oporositsya at the age of 12-13 months if it to inseminate in 8-9 months.
Young growth on fatten reaches live weight (weight) of 100 kg at the age of 5-6 months, the gain on the average during the period otkorma makes 600-800 g per day. Under good conditions of feeding and the contents on intensity of growth no other agricultural animals can be compared to pigs. The live mass of pigs from the birth moment before the completion of growth increases in 200 times and more, and at cattle – only at 10-14 time.
On an expense of a forage on 1 kg of an additional weight of a pig concede only to broilers. Young growth on fatten spends for 1 kg of a gain of 4-5 fodder units while sheep spend 6-7, and cattle - 7-8 fodder units.
The lethal exit of the fattened pigs makes 65-70 %, cattle – 50-60 %, sheep – 44-52 %.
Pork contains less water (60-62 %), than beef and mutton (72-75 %), it differs high caloric content. 1 kg of pork of average quality contains about 2500 calories, in 1 kg of beef – 1500-1600, and mutton – 1400-1500.
Important quality of pigs – they well eat the various concentrated and juicy forages, the food remains.
Applied special feeding troughs and drinking bowls considerably reduce expenses on the care of pigs because forages are set for week, a vodopoyeniye automatic, manure removal – once a week, and at a deep laying – once after removal with otkorma.
According to the demand of farmers and owners of personal part-time farms which are engaged in cultivation and otkormy pigs, specialists of the Crimean state agrarian educational advice center will give more detailed information and the practical help directly in farmer or personal part-time farms on effective and rational feeding, leaving and the maintenance of pigs is rendered.
V. Kondratenko, head of department of animal husbandry of KGA UKTs.