In article recommendations and a technique of identification and forecasting of development of wreckers on grain crops are made.
Techniques of autumn inspections on grain crops
Grain ground beetle. Inspections carry out from 3rd decade of September to the 2nd decade of October. The first autumn carry out before seeding of the winter. All fields intended under crops of winter grain crops, and sites adjoining to them that it was in case of need possible to prevent transition of the wrecker from the next populated field are subject to inspection. The accounting of number of the wrecker keep a method of soil excavation of platforms in the size 0,25 m2glubinoj to 30 see. If inspection carry out to the period of a mass yaytsekladka and the beginning of an otrozhdeniye of larvae of the first age, the size of a registration platform for preimaginal phases can be reduced to 0,1 sq.m, and depth – to 20 cm, that is the accounting of eggs and larvae to carry out on the smaller area in each test. Tests take in chessboard order (16 pieces on each 100 hectares). At sufficient loss of a precipitation at the end of July – the beginning of August of a field survey from first decade of August, at a drought – after this term, after loss of a plentiful precipitation.
During this period also potential fertility of females in the current year, easily distinguishable even with open years is defined by a way of opening of bugs and calculation of mature eggs. The quantity of eggs in yaichnik of the ground beetle can fluctuate from 6-9 to 40-80 pieces. Average fertility define at inspection of 25 females.
The second autumn inspection carry out in farms after manifestation of winter crops, by which the imago condition is defined (it is complete or the otkladka of eggs) and extent of development of preimaginal phases of new generation proceeds. Visually survey all fields of winter crops, but soil excavation carry out in case shoots are damaged by larvae. Inspection will allow to define need and terms of carrying out chemical processings of crops against larvae of the wrecker.
Bug harmful cherepashka. Survey in the autumn (October of 2-3 decades) a method of a laying of registration platforms in the size of 50×50 cm from calculation one on 1 hectare of the wood or 20 platforms for a quarter. Place platforms in the wood in chessboard order at uniform removal one from another. Deep into the woods of test take place until bugs meet. In forest belts of a platform select from calculation one on 0,5 hectares, but not less than 8 on obsleduemoyu a strip, distributing them a zigzag: the 1st platform in the left extreme row, 2nd on the average, 3rd in the right extreme row, 4th in the middle etc.
The selected tests sift through a wire sieve with the size of cells on 6-7 mm. All revealed bugs count up and collect in an entomologichesky bucket with dry leaves for the subsequent laboratory definition of specific structure, a sexual ratio and a physiological condition (live weight, a condition of a fatty body and nutritious reserve substances) individuals.
In the autumn reveal also distribution of wintering caterpillars winter scoops and others podgryzayushchy a scoop on grounds (statsiya), their number, age structure and a physiological condition, carry out the account in September – the 3rd decade – October – 1 decade. In a zone of one – two generations at mass reproduction scoops carry out two inspections: the first – for clarification of the general distribution of number of the wrecker and a condition of the caterpillars which have left on wintering, the second – for determination of number and injuriousness of caterpillars on winter crops. Term of carrying out the first autumn inspection – in 5-6 days prior to sowing of the winter crops, the second – during emergence of shoots.
Late autumn in the termination of vegetation of winter crops (since air temperature transition 50S), on all territory of distribution winter scoops on winter crops and the fields which have left from under vegetable, propashny cultures and potatoes, carry selectively out inspections (depth of test on a fallow field of 15 cm, on the plowed 20 cm, the size of platforms 0,25 sq.m). At detection of strong population of crops by the wrecker it is necessary to carry out continuous inspections of fields by forces of farms.
Meadow moth. On fields or sites with the revealed population cocoons of a meadow moth to the autumn period in the 3rd decade of September carry out soil excavation. On each field to 100 hectares on diagonals evenly beat off 12 registration platforms in the size of 50×50 cm on which carefully remove a layer of earth to 10 cm and touch hands. All cocoons from 1 field collect in rigid boxes or to the bank, supplied with a label with the indication of date of the account, the field areas, under what culture was occupied. The cocoons collected during the day then in laboratory open and count up quantity occupied everything, including live caterpillars, the dolls who were lost from infection with diseases, caterpillars and dolls, entomofagami or for other reasons. Results of accounts write down in a log-book in comparison to data on this field during the autumn period and percent of decrease in number and survival rate of the wrecker.
Shchelkuna and chernotelka. The account is carried out in September (2-3dekady).Osushhestvlyaetsya it by calculation of larvae (provolochnik and lozhnoprovolochnik) in the soil. In the autumn establish number of wintering wreckers and the areas most strongly occupied by them. Inspections begin after soil moistening, but to a cold snap. The accounting of larvae shhelkunov and a chernotelok is carried out usually by a method of a capture of soil tests in the size of 50×50 cm (0,25 sq.m) and depth 30-45 see. On each surveyed site it is necessary to take not less than 8 tests, on sites over 100 hectares – 12. Tests settle down in chessboard order.
V. Permyakov, chief of the State station of protection of plants.