In article injuriousness and biology of the wrecker, and also terms and methods of fight against ABB is described.
American white butterfly (ABB) dangerous quarantine wrecker. Damages about 300 types of wood, shrubby and grassy plants, and the most preferred – a mulberry, a maple American, an apple-tree, a pear, plum, a quince, sweet cherry, an elm, a walnut. Caterpillars eat leaves. Six-eight nests of the wrecker on a fruit-tree of average size are capable to destroy its foliage completely.
ABB develops in two generatsiya, and in 2005 development of the third facultative generation was observed. The wrecker in a stage of a doll under the lagged behind bark of trees, among fallen leaves, in cracks of wooden constructions winters.
Females of ABB postpone eggs for the bottom party of a leaf on the average 400-600 eggs in a laying. The laying of eggs from above is covered with hairs from a paunch of a female. Otrodivshiesya caterpillars start to scratch out epidermis and a leaf parenchyma, and from the third age skeletiruyut a leaf. Caterpillars have 7 age.
Caterpillars of the wrecker to the fifth age live in a web nest which extends in the course of their growth and development. Further caterpillars creep away on all tree and aren’t destroyed by birds as caterpillars have strong omission, characteristic for this look.
Development of caterpillars of ABB occurs at +24-26 ° and 75-85 % of relative humidity of air. In the developed climatic conditions of 2006 the otrozhdeniye of caterpillars of the second generation began with August 01-08.
Main habitats: green plantings in settlements, wood and shrubby vegetation along highways, reservoirs, forest belts.
In recent years in connection with favorable climatic conditions the increase in number of the wrecker is noted. The big centers and strong damage of trees by the wrecker it is noted in 2006 in Nizhnegorsky, Leninsk, Kirovsk, Saksky areas. Among the cities of the Crimea the greatest area of infection is registered in Jankoi, Kerch. Despite hard frosts of winter of this year, mass development ABB.Uzhe is noted fight against the wrecker on the area more than 3,5 thousand hectares is carried out.
The resolution of Council of ministers of AR Crimea No. 248 from May 11, 2006 approved the plan of measures on fight against quarantine wreckers for 2006-2011 which should be carried out by all organizations, the enterprises of all forms of ownership and individuals.
For prevention of distribution of the wrecker it is necessary to observe quarantine actions (restriction on export of agricultural production from infection zones in development of caterpillars, carrying out fight, inspections, certification of agricultural production).
Optimum terms of fight against ABB is the period of emergence of caterpillars of 1-3 age. Agrotechnical action for fight is the cut of nests and their burning.
Lepidotsid concentrated, Titr dispute of 100 billion/hectares 2-3 l/hectares is recommended to carry out processings in settlements and on personal plots a biological product., and also preparations of Pirineks of 40,8 % k.e. 3,0-3,5 l/hectares, Zion’s Karate of 050 EU, k.e. 0,2-0,4 l/hectares after coordination with SES.
In industrial gardens (including farmer) fight against the wrecker to carry out chemical preparations recommended the List of pesticides allowed for use in Ukraine – Detsis of 2,5 % k.e. 0,5-1,0 l/hectares, Rogor With, 40 %-ny k.e. 2 l/hectares, Zolon of 35 % k.e. 2.5-3.0 l/hectare etc.
Public officials and citizens who break a complex of the established quarantine actions of fight against ABB, are made answerable according to the code of Ukraine About administrative offenses. According to article 105, the violation of the rules on fight against quarantine wreckers, diseases of plants and weeds attracts penalty imposing on citizens from 85 UAH. to 153 UAH., and on officials – from 153 UAH. to 238 UAH.
This year official penalties in the form of penalties are imposed on
7 persons for the sum of 816 UAH.
Fight against ABB should be conducted at the expense of funds of land users, and for territories of settlements – at the expense of the budget. However, in the current year 10 thousand UAH were allocated for fight against the wrecker from the budget only. on the Dzhankoysky area, 7 thousand UAH. – on Saksky and 34,4 thousand UAH. on Kerch.
So, fight is carried out to Lenino’s item at the expense of budgetary funds mechanically on the area of 22 hectares, by Karate by Zion on the area of 36 hectares.
8 g Kerch the Krymagroprodukt organization carries timely and effectively out processings against ABB.
N. Savin, agriculturist of laboratory Krymgoskarantina