In article there is a speech about cultivation prospects nuta, as predecessor of the grain.
Everything who grows up grain crops face a problem of glut of crop rotations cereal cultures. This problem in the conditions of droughty climate is especially sharp. Grain often sow on sternevy predshestyovennik and, as a result, problems with diseases, wreckers, weeds.
Many years from all these misfortunes considered as panacea steam which allows a little oslabit their influence on a crop. But recently the escalating prices for energy carriers call into question economic feasibility of the contents parov.
The economy also forces to look for cultures which could not only break off a zamknuyoty circle of alternation of grain crops in a crop rotation and refuse from such expensive a meroyopriyatiya – as the contents parov. A field under the ferry in the current year and all costs of its soderzhayony will give to Ostavta economic "minus". But we will receive productivity growth next year, you object. And give the received crop we will divide for two years, spent for it, respectively we will subtract from the received income all expenses of these years. What as a result we will receive? And if still to consider a constant rise in prices for fuel?
The culture capable in droughty conditions to replace of pairs is necessary. Thus she should not tolko to be the good predecessor under wheat, but also to give the steady income.
One of such cultures in droughty conditions could be still low-extended nut. It is valuable annual leguminous culture. An angular form of grain nuta and its extended nouse napominayut the head of a ram therefore it often also call mutton peas.
Nut it is characterized by the highest nutritional value among all leguminous cultures, a large amount of vitamins and other biologically valuable substances. It causes a great demand on its beans which are used as for food, and the fodder purposes.
The Latin name nuta – Cicer. Assume, it occurred from Greek kikus that znachit "force" or "power". And justifying the name, this culture allocates with force not only those who consumes its grain, but does more powerful and strong those who grows up it as in in a crop rotation affects well and has a number of the positive moments.
One of the biggest advantages of this culture – the highest drought resistance among bean cultures. Thanks to powerful root system and an economical expenditure of moisture, nut the naiboyoly it is adapted for cultivation in regions which suffer from frequent droughts during the summer period. It is the unique bean culture which can give steady crops in droughty and hot usyoloviya.
At the same time inclusion nuta in a crop rotation allows to enrich the soil with nitrogen and to have very hoyoroshy predecessor for all grain crops. Under it it is not necessary to introduce nitric fertilizers as on its roots are formed klubenki with azotfiksiruyushchy bacteria which acquire nitrogen from air and not only provide requirement in it is mute plants, but after cleaning of this culture on kayozhdy hectare remains to 50 kg of nitrogen.
Along with zharo-both drought resistance nut possesses also high frost resistance. Shoots vyderzhivayut frosts to 6-8°S that allows to sow it in the earliest terms and most produkyotivno to use spring soil moisture for receiving shoots.
It practically has no general with grain crops of diseases and wreckers, koyotory grain crop rotations are, as a rule, saturated. Besides, in such crop rotations cereal weeds are usually proyoblemy. As nut not cereal, but the broad-leaved culture, its inclusion in a crop rotation allows to fight against annual and long-term zlayokovy weeds more effectively.
Nut ripens later, than the main grain crops – wheat and barley. Therefore terms of its cleaning and grain don’t coincide that gives the chance to use harvest equipment more effectively.
Amicable maturing of beans on all plant allows to harvest a direct kombaynirovaniye. Delays with cleaning aren’t critical, as at a perestaivaniye on a root nut not polegaet and not osypaetsya. Rather high the attachment of the bottom beans (about 20 cm) allows without special proyobly which are usually inherent in a soya, to gather all crop without loss.
After cleaning nuta there is more enough time for high-quality preparation of the soil under crops of winter crops and moisture accumulation. As pozhnivny remains remains a little, to prepare the soil after nuta under crops winter – it is a pleasure.
One more plus of this culture – for cultivation nuta any spetsiyoalny equipment isn’t necessary, it is possible to use all that, as on the grain.
Except agrotechnical benefits, nut has also high ekonomiyochesky appeal. At a high agrotechnology it is possible to receive to 20 c/hectares of beans. Such productivity is comparable with productivity of a soya, but try to receive such productivity of a soya in droughty climate! It is important also that demand, so and the price on nut higher, than on a soya, not to mention peas.
Thanks to all these unique qualities nuta, having replaced steam with this culture, we have a vozyomozhnost, instead of "minus" to receive "plus", to increase efficiency of a grain crop rotation in ostyorozasushlivy conditions, to use the earth with maximum efficiency.
Besides, we receive the fine predecessor – productivity of winter wheat after nuta same, as well as after steam, and sometimes and above.
M. Draganchuk, chairman of FH "Dragmi" Saksky area.