In this article it is noted that adverse weather conditions, can bring to considerable decrease in efficiency of crops of grain crops. A number of methods, for definition of a condition of plants in rewintering is given.
Information on rewintering of winter crops
Rewintering of winter crops depends on a set of factors, first of all, from observance of timely and high-quality performance of agrotechnical receptions. The majority of grades of the winter crops cultivated in the Crimea, have a necessary stock of frost resistance. So, for grades of winter wheat the temperature on depth of knot of a kushcheniye of 17-18 wasps lower 0 is critical. For winter barley - 14-15 wasps.
But during too time stability of plants to adverse weather conditions varies depending on a phase of development of plants and their condition. Influence of adverse conditions of the winter and early-spring period on plants can lead to considerable decrease in their efficiency, and in some cases, and to full death of crops.
In the first decade of January in the absence of snow cover (except the Belogorsky area – 9 cm and Krasnogvardeysky – 8 cm) occurred considerable decrease in air temperature. According to a weather service, the lowest air temperature was observed in the Belogorsky area (-20oS), Krasnogvardeysky (-19oS), Dzhankoysky (-18oS) and Krasnoperekopsky (-17oS).
The strongest promerzaniye of the soil in the absence of snow cover was in the Razdolnensky area (31 cm), in Simferopol (30 cm) and Black Sea (29 cm).
The lowest temperature of the soil on depth of knot of a kushcheniye was in Krasnoperekopsky (-8oS), Razdolnensky (-8oS) and Black Sea (-7oS) areas.
In this regard for an assessment of a condition of winter crops in their rewintering it is necessary to establish systematic control. It is important to define in due time vitality of plants in crops, the damage rate and in due time to be prepared by adverse factors for care of them at renewal of their vegetation, and in case of need, to partial or their complete resowing. It is important also because grades available now summer grain (first of all summer barley), at early crops in so-called "windows", form a grain yield at level of winter crops.
The science developed a number of methods of definition of a condition of plants in rewintering: a method of monoliths (the most available to farmers of farms of all forms of ownership); water method; sugar method; method of dyes, analysis of cones of increase and fabrics of knots of a kushcheniye. And authentic from them methods of monoliths, water and its updatings are the most reliable.
The method of monoliths gives the most authentic characteristic of viability of winter crops under condition of strict observance of all rules of selection, transportation, thawing and an otrashchivaniye, but it quite enduring (2-3 weeks).
The water method gives the chance faster assessment of a condition of plants, however its reliability is slightly lower, than a method of monoliths.
The description of methods of definition of a condition of plants in rewintering is sent to regional managements for diagnostics of viability and a condition of crops.
Page Hmelevsky, head of department of agriculture of the Ministry of an agrarian policy of ARK.