In article diseases of a walnut which harm to its growth are listed and reduce quality and a crop of nuts. Besides, it is brought recommendations about fight methods – these diseases.
The walnut (Juglansredia) is subject to different diseases, koyotory harm to its growth and ponizhayut quality and a crop of nuts. Neyokotorye from diseases, so nazyvayoemy parasitic, are caused by the pathogenic microorganisms living on plants owners. Other diseases – a neparazitaryony origin – grow out of influence of neblayogopriyatny climatic and poyochvenny conditions or a shortcoming or surplus consequence in the soil of mineral substances.
Brown spottiness – vyzyvaetsya Gnomonialeptostyla (MarsoniaJuglandis) mushroom. The infecting agent strikes leaves, moloyody escapes and fruits. On leaves it causes round krasnovayoto-brown spots with the serovayoto-brown middle and diayometry 18-20 mm. On trunks pobegov the current year there are spots both oval, and a neprayovilny roundish form in the form of the pressed, light brown become lifeless sites with dark, henna-red edges. A brown spottiness more vredonosna for nuts. On a shell of nuts there are pressed become lifeless spots from round to an angular form. These spots on the size it is less, than on leaves. Very young infected nuts develop abnormally and prezhyodevremenno fall down. At strong development of a disease a crop mozhet sharply to decrease. The infecting agent winters in the stayory infected leaves and the nuts which have fallen to the ground, and also in ulcers on branches of a gain of last year. In the spring during heavy rains askospor with force vybrasyvayutsya from fruit bodies periteciev which develop on the old infected leaves and orexax and are transferred by a wind on moyolody a gain of trees where they and carry out infection. Sumy-kospory, being formed in plodoyovy bodies of a mushroom in old wounds on branches, too are a source of primary infection. During vegetation the mushroom extends a konidialny stage.
At protection of a walnut against an illness the zapakhiyovaniye or collecting in the autumn and in the spring fallen down old infected listev prior to the beginning of dispersion a sumkospor is recommended. From fungicidov – obrabotki 1,0 % bordeaux liquid in the following terms: the first at the beginning of expansion of the leaves, the second – at their complete development and the third – in 2 weeks after the second. In the autumn eradicating processing of trees and a pristvolny circle of 3,0 % – ache bordeaux liquid.
The bacterial burn greckogo a nut is more dangerous illness in an economic otyonosheniye, than all others, taken together. Distribution and its vreyodonosnost fluctuates from year to year. It is usually more dangerous in damp areas or at a vypadeyoniya of a large amount of a precipitation. In days of disease outbreaks of boyoly 50 % of a crop of nuts perishes.
The illness affects leaves, orexi, ear rings, kidneys and escapes of tekuyoshchy year. Symptoms appear in the spring on young leaves in the form of small henna-red spots along the edges of leaves or on tkani between veins. On trunks pobegov there are black, slightly pressed spots which often band escapes and ruin them. Young leaves and kidneys of man’s inflorescences are painted in temyono-brown or black color and die off. The illness is naiyoboly dangerous to nuts, on koyotory it causes black spots of different size.
The infecting agent lives from year to year mainly in zayorazhenny kidneys and is more rare in the ulcers which have remained on branches of a gain of last year.
Bacteria extend mainly a rain from the isyotochnik of the infection who have remained from last year. Bacteria get into fabrics of a gain of the current year through a time (ustiyets). Proyodolzhitelnye steady rains pered the flowering and during it, and also two weeks later can cause the strong outbreaks of an illness as nuts are most susceptible at this time to a zarayozheniye. Infection which proisxodit how nuts will grow by %, doesn’t represent danger as bacteria seldom strike a shell. The infected pollen grains from patients serezhek too sometimes rasprostranyayut bacteria. Against this illness it is possible to make spraying by copper preparations. The number of opryyoskivaniye necessary for efyofektivny fight against a bakterialyyony burn, fluctuates on years. In about a year an amount of precipitation during the period an infection rasprostraneyoniya enough one timely spraying. But at heavy and steady rains at this time for a bigger effekyotivnost three svoyevyoremenny sprayings are necessary. As in infekyotsiya distribution infection to expect nevozyomozhno, the maximum quantity of times in the following sroki is recommended proizvodit processings: the first – in an early phase before the flowering, the second – neposredyostvenno before flowering, trete – in an early phase after a tsveteyoniya of pistillate flowers.
Fungitsida which it is possible to apply, the following: 1,0 %-naya bordeaux liquid, 90 %-naya xlorokis copper in concentration of 0,3-0,4 % norm of 30-40 g on 10 l of water.
(On magazine materials Real owner).