The characteristic of the grades which are most widespread in production of a steppe zone of the country is provided in this article. A right choice of a grade – one of solving conditions of receiving a top yield. In each economy it is necessary to cultivate two-three grades, differing with duration of the vegetative period, stability to diseases, wreckers and an adverse factor of the environment.
A right choice of a grade – one of solving conditions of receiving a top yield
Right choice of a grade – one of solving conditions of receiving a top yield. In each economy it is necessary to cultivate two-three of them grades differing with duration of the vegetative period, ustojchivostyu to diseases, wreckers and adverse factors of the environment (the lowered temperatures, droughts, etc.). We provide the characteristic of the grades which are most widespread in production of a steppe zone of the country of grades below.
ARCADY THE ODESSA
One of the most high-albuminous grades zoned in our country. It is characterized optimum for the South of Ukraine by duration of the vegetative period which in Odessa region makes 105-115 days.
The analysis of structure of a crop showed for a number of years that this grade surpasses others in elevated weight, number of knots, beans and seeds on a plant, mass of seeds from one plant and mass of 1000 seeds. It also has higher harvest index and the increased height of an attachment of the bottom beans.
Big advantage showed Arcady Odessa in the Nikolaev, Kherson and Zaporozhye areas. Data of sortouchastok and work practice testifies that it under normal sukhodolny conditions is capable to yield a harvest in 25-26 c/hectares and 35-36 c/hectares on an irrigation. Opusheniye of a stalk and beans brown, dense. Podsemyadolnoye a knee green, with accurate antotsianovy pigmentation. Leaves troychaty, the average size, dark green, with the pointed tip. Inflorescences multifloral, a flower violet, till 10-12 in a brush. Beans brown, slightly bent, 2 – 3-seed. Seeds oval, yellow, without pigmentation, a scar large, dark brown, with a white peephole. Mass of 1000 seeds of 160-190 g.
Early, duration of the vegetative period of 105-115 days. It is suitable for the mechanized cleaning, height of an attachment of the bottom beans 10-12 see. Stability to defeat fuzariozy, peronosporozy and other mushroom diseases above average.
It is intended for cultivation on industrial technology. Sowing should be carried out with width of row-spacings of 45 cm, norm of seeding of 600-700 thousand vskhozhy seeds on hectare. Before sowing they should be processed nitraginy, on poor soils to bring on 60 kg/hectares of nitrogen and 30 kg/hectares of potassium.
ODESSA 124
It is characterized by not determinant type of growth, intensive red omission of stalks and shutters of beans, violet coloring of a flower, the average size of leaves with the pointed tips, high-tallness, a smooth and brilliant seed peel.
Results of the state sortoispytaniye testify to the increased responsiveness of a new grade on intensive factors of agriculture in, In 1987 on Caucasian to a sortouchastka its crop on a waterless valley reached 40,7 c/hectares at duration of the vegetative period of 107 days.
On the average for 3 years in the Crimea (The Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN) productivity Odessa 124 was higher on 4,1 c/hectares in comparison with the zoned Kherson standard 908.
ALTAIR
It is deduced from the difficult hybrid population received from crossing of North American and Canadian grades of Porteydzh, Alton, Swift, Flambo and McCall. Treats Slavic subspecies, aprobatsionny group of an ukrainik. In a competitive sortoispytaniye on an irrigation in SGI for 1987-1989 collecting a protein from hectare made 10,4 c/hectares. In 1992 the average crop on sortouchastka of a steppe zone of Ukraine reached 18,7 c/hectares at duration of the vegetative period of 118 days. In the Forest-steppe these indicators respectively made 18,2 c/hectares and 123 days. Top yield (33,6 c/hectares). At the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN productivity of this grade made 29,2 c/hectares (on an irrigation). In 1992 on Kakhovsky this grade gave to a sortouchastka of the Kherson area 30,0 c/hectares at productivity of a grade the South of 30 23,1 c/hectares. In 1997 in KSP Odessa integrated poultry farm of Odessa region collected on 25,5 c/hectares of seeds of Altair.
Its valuable feature is the precocity, allowing to grow up this grade practically in all territory of Ukraine. He treats early group, ripens for 8-9 days before Arcady’s widespread grades Odessa and the South 40. Duration of vegetation approximately same, as at grades Kiev 27, the South 30, Prikarpatsky 81. The extended reproductive period allows to receive stable crops of seeds, this grade. In field conditions it is steady against mushroom, bacterial and virus diseases.
CHERNOBURY
For years of the state test well this grade on many sortouchastka and sortoispytatelny stations of almost all zones of Ukraine showed itself. A big crop of Chernoburaya gave in the Steppe both on a waterless valley, and on an irrigation. In not irrigated conditions on the average in three years it exceeded early standards Kiev 27 on 1,8, Soyer 2-95 – on 1,6 c/hectares. When watering this gain increased respectively to 2,8 and 2, 1 c/hectare. In steppe conditions, as a rule, ripens in the middle or the end of August that allows to sow with guarantee after cleaning winter wheat.
The grade is allocated with small seeds that allows to reduce norm of seeding on 15-20 kg/hectares at optimum density of standing. The analysis of results of sortouchastok and sortoispytatelny stations of the country testifies that humidity of seeds at this grade when cleaning for 2-2,1 % is lower, than at other grades. Thus, seeds Chernobura don’t demand additional drying that essentially improves economic indicators and profitability. For example, on the average for 1990-1993 in irrigated conditions of a steppe zone humidity of seeds of early ripening varieties Kiev 27, Soyer 2-95, Bystrits 2 and Emerald was made by 13,5 %, Chernobura – 11,4 %. For the same period as a whole across Ukraine these indicators respectively made 15,5 and 13,5 %.
In the conditions of the Steppe Chernoburaya it is an ultraearly ripening variety. Height of the main stalk – average. Opusheniyesteblya and shutters of beans dark brown, dense. Podsemyadolnoye a knee in shoots has accurate violet coloring. A flower large, violet color, till 8-10 in a brush. When maturing beans dark brown, almost black, the average size. Seed peel brown, scar large, oval, brown color. Seeds when cleaning are steady against a travmirovaniye working bodies of the combine that increases their sowing qualities.
It is steady in field conditions against bacterial and mushroom diseases, it can be sowed for 5-6 days before widespread grades in production.
Chernobury it is recommended for cultivation in steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine both on an irrigation, and in sukhodolny conditions.
SUCCESS
In competitive test of Selection and genetic institute it was allocated with high seed efficiency, optimum for the South of Ukraine duration of the vegetative period, good adaptability to manufacture, the highest content of oil in seeds (23 %).
For years of the state test average productivity of a grade in sukhodolny conditions of a steppe zone of the country made 16,9 c/hectares at duration of vegetation of 130 days. The mass of 1000 seeds reached 150,7 g, it is the highest in early group.
The success differs high-tallness (85,8 cm), stability to drowning, an osypaniye and a drought; the bottom beans are located at height of 16,2 cm that guarantees essential reduction of losses when cleaning.
On an irrigation in steppes of Ukraine the average crop reached 19,5 c/hectares at a maslichnost of seeds of 26,8 %. In 1995 at the Crimean agricultural experimental station the grade won first place in ecological test with productivity of 39,4 c/hectares. The grade Success is allocated with violet coloring of a flower, gray omission of a stalk and shutters of beans. Form of leaflets yaytsevidny, their size average, oblistvennost high. Plants are steady against drowning. Quantity of a flower in a brush 7-9. Form of beans straight line, seeds of yellow coloring, scar gray, average size. The success is recommended a dlyavozdelyvaniye in a steppe zone of Ukraine.
MARYANA
The state sortoispytatelny network revealed high productivity of this grade on many sortouchastka isortoispytatelny stations. At the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN on an irrigation it made 28,7 c/hectares. As a whole in a steppe zone of Ukraine the average crop reached 17,6 c / gapri duration of the vegetative period of 117 days. Here the new grade was allocated with high mass of 1000 seeds (177,3 g), high-tallness (80,9 cm), stability to drowning and an osypaniye, a high attachment of the bottom beans (13,6 cm). At an irrigation the crop reached 20,7 c/hectares, mass of 1000 seeds of 180,5 g.
Hozyaystvenno valuable signs the grade revealed the best indicators to Polesye. Here, except high seed efficiency, it was allocated krupnosemyannostyu, high-tallness, stability to drowning and an osypaniye, a high attachment of the bottom beans.
According to laboratory of State commission on test and protection of grades of plants Maryana’s seeds testify contain to 26,2 % of oil. Opusheniye and shutters of beans is more red than a stalk dense, coloring of a podsemyadolny knee at emergence of shoots the violet. A form of leaflets ovate-extended with the pointed tip, the size average. The main stalk possesses the semi-finished growth, totals 13-16 interstices. A flower are collected in a brush on 8-11 pieces, violet coloring. The bean of lushchilny type, a pergament layer is developed poorly. Average quantity of beans on a plant 38-50, maximum – 146. Form of beans slabosognuty, coloring brown. Seeds oval, yellow, sometimes with insignificant brown pigmentation. Scar brown, linear.
The grade with high azotfiksiruyushchy ability, and also stability to the lowered positive temperatures in emergence of shoots is allocated and when flowering. In field conditions possesses tolerance to the main diseases. It is recommended for cultivation in all zones of Ukraine.
HADZHIBEY
Hadzhibey is entered in the State register of grades of Ukraine s2001 years. At test in sukhodolny conditions of Odessa region in 1994 – 1998 it appeared the most productive. For this period its average crop made 19,2 c/hectares at 14,8 c/hectares at Arcady’s grade of the Odessa and 14,4 c/hectares at a grade Altair. The maintenance of a protein (36,9 %) and oils (21,8 %) in seeds an average. The average crop in all zones of Ukraine in 1997-1999 made 25,7 c/hectares at duration of the vegetative period of 114 days. It is allocated with high-tallness (96 cm), stability to drowning, an osypaniye and a drought; the bottom beans are attached rather highly from a soil surface (16,5 cm). Isn’t surprised peronosporozy, askokhitozy and a bacteriosis. On a sortouchastka of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN productivity on a grade irrigation Hadzhibey on the average for 4 years made 30,2 c/hectares. Its top yield took place at Inguletsky sortoispytatelny station of the Nikolaev area in 1998 where collected on 41,1 c/hectares of seeds.
ODESSA 150
This grade possesses the increased drought resistance, high seed efficiency, optimum duration of the vegetative period. Xarakterizuetsya very high content of oil in seeds. During competitive test at the UAAN Selection and genetic institute its average crop in sukhodolny usloviyaxsostavil 17,2 c/hectares in comparison with 14,9 c/hectares at a standard. For years of the state test the crop in a forest-steppe zone reached 20,4 c/hectares at duration of vegetation 132 days. On a sortouchastka of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN productivity of this grade on an irrigation on the average in 5 years made 28,4 c/hectares. It is allocated with red omission of a stalk and shutters of beans, white coloring of a flower, yellow seeds with accurately expressed black scar and a white peephole. In the State register of grades it is entered in 2001 for a forest-steppe zone of Ukraine.
BEREGINYA
It is characterized by high seed efficiency, good adaptability to manufacture, seeds contain a lot of oil. In 2000 at Artemovsky sortoispytatelny station of Donetsk region at an irrigation its crop reached 33,2 c/hectares.
At the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN this grade in, average for 3 years, gave productivity of 29,9 c/hectares on an irrigation. The height of an attachment of the bottom beans over a soil surface – 16,8 is allocated with high adaptability to manufacture, see. Possesses not determinant type of growth, red coloring of a stalk and shutters of beans, violet a flower. Seeds yellow, large, a scar brown with a white peephole. In the State register of grades it is entered in 2002.
E.Turin, younger research associate of laboratory of plant growing and kormoproizvodstvo of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN, Century Sichkar, Dr.Sci.Biol., professor Selection and genetic institute.