In article the infectious disease of fruit-trees is described: its prevalence, features of the activator, external symptoms of a disease, epizootologiya, main quarantine actions.
Identification of quarantine organisms – the main objective of Public service on quarantine of plants. According to the annual plan, it is necessary to survey 70 hectares of gardens on identification of bacterial "burn" of the fruit. In 2008 inspection is carried out in gardens ChSP "Scythian", JSC PZ "Nice", state of emergency the Wryneck of Century of N
The bacterium strikes an apple-tree, a pear, a cherry, sweet cherry, wild strawberry, an apricot, a peach, a quince, plum, raspberry, a persimmon, a walnut. The disease is widespread in Europe, Asia, America, Australia. Bacteria represent mobile sticks in the size of 1,1-1,6 microns and don’t form neither dispute, nor capsules. The causative agent of a bacterial burn winters only in the infected plant, bacteria get into a plant through flowers, wounds, cracks. With development of a disease of a bacterium extend on a bark of branches and a trunk, infecting all tree. Under the influence of their activity trees perish. Optimum temperature for the activator 22 – 250S, it resistant when drying and freezing.
The disease affects all land bodies of plants: the inflorescence fades and dies off, leaves blacken, are braided, die off, but don’t fall. Branches and escapes fade and die off. The struck young escapes and branches look in the beginning poured by liquid, after a while from them in the form of drops expires brown exudate. The struck young fruits become brown or black, dry up and remain, without falling down. Mature fruits are steady and aren’t surprised even at artificial infection.
Injuriousness of "burn" of the fruit is very great because of its fast distribution. In strongly infected gardens can be lost to 20 % of trees. The activator is transferred, generally with a landing material, tools, extends insects, birds, with a rain and air masses. Infection of plants amplifies at non-compliance with rules of disinfection at a scrap therefore wounds on plants are formed.
The main quarantine action for fight against distribution of "burn" of the fruit - a ban on import of a landing material from areas where this disease is widespread.
N.Bondar, state inspector of Razdolnensky RKP.