In the publication recommendations after a scrap of fruit crops in the conditions of 2009 are made.
From all list of technological actions of a scrap of fruit-trees – the most difficult, labor-consuming, but at the same time an important and responsible stage. By and large, carrying out scraps are a preparation of a launch pad for formation of future crop. The correct and its high-quality performance in many respects defines a ratio of vegetative and generativny processes, provides povysheniyetovarnost of fruits.
Conditions of the vegetative period of 2008 left the mark on development of fruit-trees which for summer months had a stress in the absence of a precipitation and decrease in relative humidity of air to critical marks. If in the conditions of a garantirovannogoorosheniye these phenomena were sufficiently leveled, at cultivation of gardens in bogarny conditions negative influence of natural factors was reflected and in growth of escapes, and on quality of fruits, and on a laying of a plodovoypochka on the crop’s eve of 2009.
All these moments it is very important to consider at degree definition scraps and its volumes in each concrete garden, for each grade.
First of all, it is necessary to estimate the general development of a tree, a condition of a gain, a zagushchennost of krone, a laying of a fruit kidney. At good development and regular a scrap in previous years the main objective of an obrezchik will consist in maintenance optimum age sootnosheniyaplodovy branches, in adjustment of parameters of krone and loading regulation by a fruit kidney.
For apple-tree and pear grades with weak pobegoobrazovatelny ability truncation of a part year prirostov (for 25-30 %), located at height to 1,5-2 m will be useful. It is necessary for the best filling of the bottom sites of krone with acquiring wood and more their effective use at fructification.
In gardens where a scrap it was carried out irregularly and crowns are started, as a rule, trees are characterized by easing of rostovy activity, switching on periodical plodonosheniei an essential melchaniye of fruits in bumper-crop years. Such situation can be changed to the best if to limit the sizes of trees to biologically and technologically reasonable norms, to execute a prorezhivaniye with an odnovremennymomolozheniye acquiring vetoki fruit educations. Such package of measures is better for executing under bumper-crop year to normalize loading and to stimulate rostovy processes.
The special approach is demanded by an apple-tree grade with kolchatochny type of fructification (A rennet Sparkling, Salgirsky, etc.). With age at trees against the general weakening of a pobegoobrazovaniye in krone uneven-age kolchatka (plodushka, ploduxi) prevail. Without their prorezhivaniye at a scrap are inevitable an overload a crop and decrease in marketability of fruits.
If trees of any grade are characterized by a weak laying of a fruit kidney and existence of a large number prirostov, it is necessary to cut out on a ring the strongest and vertical, having executed thereby prorezhivany kroner. It is necessary to give preference to those from them which settle down obliquely or horizontally. An important rule at a scrap of such trees there is a principle of a sopodchineniye of branches and allocation of conductors.
It is necessary to remember that a scrap as the separate processing method, isn’t panacea. The effect from its performance will depend ot of the general agrotechnical level, including, conditions of water supply, the contents and soil processing in ranks and row-spacings, systems of protection of a garden on wreckers and diseases, a nutritious mode. On high-grade return from a garden it is possible rasschityvat only at performance of all complex of technologies of cultivation of this or that type of a garden.
L.Tankevich, head of department of technology of storage and processing of plodovkrymsky experimental station of gardening, candidate of agricultural sciences.
V. Ryabukh, adviser-organizer of the Simferopol UKO.