Morphological and biological features of a potato moth are given in this article. Besides, recommendations about fight against this quarantine wrecker are provided.
Plants – owners. Potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes, eggplants, pepper, nightshade, dope and other wild-growing paslenovy.
In AR Crimea the wrecker is widespread on the territory of:15 areas and 6 cities, 171 settlements, 209 farms, 24553 personal plots, the area of infection for 01.01.2008 made 6652,1 hectares, including: in farms of 5795,9 hectares, on personal plots of 856,2 hectares. The most infected regions of the Crimea are: Dzhankoysky-1724,4 hectares, Saksky-732 of hectare, Nizhnegorsky-of 650 hectares.
In the Crimea the potato moth in the field forms 5 generatsiya. Duration of development of one generation depends on temperature and makes naturally from 28 to 119 days. The caterpillar which finished a food, or a doll under the vegetative remains in soil blankets winters in the field.
The butterfly in a big way covered 12-16 mm. Forward wings brown gray, shirokolantsetovidny, with the blacked-out internal edge; back wings on width are almost equal to lobbies.
Caterpillar recently otrodivshayasya from egg – length of 1,2 mm naked, with primary shchetinka, adult 8-10 mm, yellowish pink or grayish green. Doll in length of 5,5-6,5 mm, brown. The doll is in a cocoon in length to 10 mm, grayish silver color.
The butterfly takes off in the early spring (at the end of April – May) and meets in the nature till the end of October – November. The female starts to postpone eggs in a day after pairing in the field groups or on the single for leaves, chereshka, stalks, barefaced tubers, on soil, in storages – in deepening near a peephole, cracks, under the stuck particles of the soil and in places of mechanical damages. It can postpone from 100 to 300 pieces of eggs.
Having finished a food and development, caterpillars leave tubers, leaves, stalks and weave in secluded places (under garbage, on bags, in floor cracks) a hardly noticeable cocoon to which surface particles of the earth, garbage are attached. In 3-4 days turn into a doll.
In vegetation by the main store of a potato moth weeds are: dope ordinary, nightshade black.
The caterpillar does mines in central and lateral veins; braids leaves with a web, can bite in chereshok, and then the leaf perishes completely. On leaves of eggplants, tobacco, a dope ordinary mines bubbly, often transparent. Through them it is possible to see caterpillars of advanced ages of the wrecker. Mines on leaves of potatoes and tomatoes have opaque walls, and the damaged allotments dry. On leaves of sweet and bitter pepper of a mine are absent. The top part of a stalk above a place of defeat dies off, if the caterpillar lodged in a stalk. On these signs at rather high number of the wrecker it is possible to reveal visually.
In smooth fruits of tomatoes, eggplants, caterpillar pepper vburavlivayutsya at once under chashelistik through a fruit stem or from top – in a place of the rest of a flower. At a cut of tomatoes in the middle it is possible to find caterpillars of all age and their courses filled with excrement.
Development can proceed and in storage conditions where the wrecker gets from a field with potatoes tubers. In storages the butterfly postpones eggs for tubers at a peephole, in deepenings, tuber cracks. The period of development of an adult insect till 7 months in the winter, an otkladka of eggs occurs at temperature not below 8 Pages.
Characteristic sign of damage of tubers of potatoes caterpillars, a congestion on their surface of excrement. Damage of tubers happens two types:
– subepidermalny when caterpillars proburavlivayut a potato thin skin, get into it, make courses almost under the thin skin. The last gradually dries, settles and forms an appreciable hem;
– deeper courses are sent to the tuber middle, outwardly almost imperceptible, twisting, filled with excrement, saprofitny mushrooms settle in them. In diameter they are no more than 2-3 mm, walls are covered with a web. In separate tubers more than 10 caterpillars can develop. Such tubers penetrated by courses, remind a sponge.
Ways rasprostraneniya:vo all stages of development with tubers of potatoes and fruits of paslenovy cultures.
Quarantine actions for the prevention of distribution of a potato moth with cargoes and vehicles .
1. In the territory with a special quarantine mode the complex of the quarantine actions directed on destruction of the centers of a potato moth and restriction of further distribution of the wrecker is carried out.
2. According to the law of Ukraine Quarantine of plants of the enterprise, an economy, establishment and citizens in which territory the centers of a potato moth are revealed, are obliged to hold quarantine events for localization and elimination of the centers of the wrecker at own expense.
3. Podkarantinnye materials which take out from zones of a special quarantine mode, should be accompanied by certificates which stand out state authority of quarantine of plants.
It is strictly forbidden:
– export and realization paslenovy which are infected by a potato moth, in free from this wrecker regions of the country.
– preparation and use of seed potatoes from the infected farms for cultivation in free regions of the infected areas.
Export of fruits of paslenovy cultures and potatoes is authorized:
– from free areas which are located in the infected areas, without quarantine restrictions.
– from surveyed by means of feromonny traps and free farms which are located in the infected areas, after examination and a partition to the cities of the infected areas of Ukraine.
Export of superelite, elite and high-quality seed potatoes of the zoned and perspective grades which are grown up in elite and seed-growing farms, scientific research institutes, experimental stations, educational pilot farms is authorized after their inspection with use of feromonny traps.
In the center territory for fight against a potato moth use preparations according to the List of pesticides and the agrochemicals resolved for application in Ukraine, the confirmed Ukrgoskomissiyey of Cabinet council of Ukraine, (Arivo, 25 % k.e. (0,16 l/hectares); Bi-58, 40 % k.e. (1,5-2,0 l \hectares).
Processing carry out right after identification of a butterfly of the wrecker. Repeated processings are carried out with an interval of 10-15 days.
Responsibility behind performance of measures of fight against a potato moth is assigned on:
– in agricultural collective agricultural enterprises, farmer, arendatorsky and other farms on heads of farms, owners of the land lots.
– in the cities on heads of municipal services.
– within alienation of the lands adjoining to iron and highways on heads of the corresponding sites of iron and highways.
– in collective gardens on board of gardening collectives.
Civil officers and citizens who break a complex of the established quarantine methods of fight against a potato moth, are made answerable according to the code of Ukraine About administrative offenses, article 105,106 violation of the rules on fight against quarantine wreckers, diseases of plants and weeds attracts penalty imposing on citizens from four to ten not taxable minima of the income of citizens and on officials from eight to fifteen not taxable minima of the income of citizens.
Ivanchenko A.I.
agriculturist of laboratory of the State inspection
on quarantine of plants on AR Crimea