In article injuriousness of ambarny wreckers is described. The most widespread and harmful wreckers in Ukraine are listed. Recommendations about fight against them are made.
Wreckers of grain and zernoproduktov
Ambarnye wreckers of quantity destroy grain, reduce also quality of seed stocks. Annually in a storage time it is damaged from 5-10 to 30 and more percent of collected grain. Considerably decreases vsxozhest the damaged seed material: from ambarny and rice weevils – for 70-90 %, the grain grinder – 68 %, small farinaceous food xrushhaka – for 53 %, Surinam mukoeda – for 25 %. Ambarnye wreckers litter grain with excrement, larval skins, dead individuals, dust, a web. Grain sticks together in lumps, is condensed, its temperature and humidity that leads to self-warming, damage, deterioration of hlebopekarsky qualities of a flour and flavoring qualities of its products raise.
Some types of weevils, xrushhakov, zernovka, ognevka etc. are most widespread and harmful in Ukraine.
The Ambarny weevil – a wide polyphage. Damages grain of cereals (except millet), corn, buckwheat, and also a flour, crackers, cookies. Naturally develops 2-3, in warm warehouses – to 5 generations. At humidity of grain below 11 % doesn’t develop.
The rice weevil is widespread mainly in the southern region. Damages rice, cereals, corn, bean, products of processing of grain. Can develop at humidity of grain about 8 %, has to 7 generations in a year. Surinam mukoed – very widespread look, damages various production in warehouses, can develop and naturally. Gives 4-5 and more generations in a year.
Red mukoed most often develops in damp grain (not lower than 15-16 %). Depending on temperature conditions 3-4 generations develop. Considerable harm is put also big flour xrushhak, by a Mauritian small insect, the grain grinder, the flour grinder, pea and bean zernovka.
The mill ognevka harms on mills, bakeries, warehouses, damaging a flour, grain, grain., dry foodstuff, sieve, bags etc. Maintains temperature fall to 10 S.Vo vremya’s minus of a food connects parts of food a web, litters products with excrement. Develops from 3-4 to 6 generations in a year.
The southern ambarny ognevka is widespread on the country South. Damages grain, a flour, especially corn, dried fruits, spices, raisin, chocolate. Wreckers of stocks also meet: ambarny moth, grain moth, flour ognevka.
Injuriousness of ambarny wreckers is reduced, first of all, by the preventive actions directed on prevention of hit of insects to warehouse, on creation of conditions which interfere with their development, constrain reproduction.
Especially important before acceptance of grain of a new crop to carry out preparation of granaries: namely to clear a floor, walls, corners, container, grooves, cracks, stock, the territory of currents and about storages of garbage of a dust, a scattering of products of stocks; to check and dry rooms. Samples a smetok to analyse on presence of wreckers and to draw conclusions on need of disinsection. The garbage collected in storages, destroy (burn or dig in). The territory round a warehouse stamp and disinfect limy milk.
The second important point is preparation of grain for storage, since timely cleaning at optimum humidity, fight exceptions; cleaning of impurity, seeds of weeds by zernoochistitelny cars, drying if necessary to normal humidity. Grain placement on storage should be carried out on classes, humidity, contamination, grain of a new crop is necessary for storing separately from old, seed from fodder and food.
Control of a grain condition includes in a storage time: systematic determination of temperature, humidity, damage by wreckers, diseases, contaminations etc. In case of identification in grain or zernoproduktax pincers, of insects make the decision on need of their destruction fiziko-mechanical or chemical methods. Purification of grain and use of winnowers, separators, conveyors concern the first, a tick – and a heat of catchers; grain drying in zernosushilka, on a sunlight; cooling and promorazhivaniye. These measures are effective for separate types of ambarny wreckers. To the cardinal solution of a question on protection of grain stocks at storage apply a chemical method. The enterprises having the corresponding license are engaged in carrying out these works.
Disinsection of not loaded warehouse, territories round them, zernoochistitelny cars, conveyors, lifts, other equipment carry out in the damp way with use of sprayers, using, according to departmental instructions the preparations allowed for use in Ukraine, according to the List ….
More effective destructive method, especially against the wreckers having hidden stages of development, fumigation is. This method is possible in fight against all listed earlier ambarny wreckers. Fumigiruyut grain of seed, food and fodder appointment, zernoprodukty, raw materials which are stored by an embankment, zatareno in bags, boxes, barrels, and also not loaded warehouse, strictly observing instructions, sanitary standards, safety measures.
In case of impossibility of carrying out fumigatsionny works (tightness of rooms, distance to houses less than 50 meters is insufficient), apply an aerosol way of disinsection.
Taking into account importance of the matter Council of ministers of the Autonomous Republic Crimea the order of No. of 189-R from May 03 2007g is accepted. About creation of the commission on check of readiness of the hlebopriyemny enterprises in AR Crimea to reception and storage of grain of a crop of 2007.
A.Ivanchenko, agriculturist of laboratory Krymgoskarantina.