In article it is told about rare for the Crimea to berry culture – honeysuckles, its curative and flavoring properties, an agrotechnology of cultivation.
This culture – the champion in the nature on maturing terms
To attention of the gardener
This berry culture is known well by gardeners of Siberia and the Far East. However there were admirers of a honeysuckle and in Ukraine, in particular and in the Crimea which in practice proved that it can be grown up with success on our personal plots.
This culture – the champion in the nature on maturing terms. In it are inherent a skoroplodnost (a bolshinyostvo of grades start to fructify for the 2nd year after landing of one-and-a-half-year-old saplings), high zimo-and frost resistance (to – 45°S), a zasukhoustoyyochivost, despite a vlagolyubivost. Vegetation it begins at daily average temperature close to 0°S. Around the remains of thawing snow still lie, and the honeysuckle already got under way in growth. It blossoms right after blooming of kidneys with cvetonosami. Also returnable night frosts which, by all means coincide with its flowering (last 7-10 days) aren’t terrible it. Flowers maintain to-7 and even – 8,2°S. As a rule, at this time the day temperature doesn’t exceed +14… +15°S therefore to hope for bees it is not necessary. This work with success is carried out by bumblebees workers. Spuyostya only one month after flowering, already there are first ripened berries. As a rule, it occurs for 7-10 days before maturing of early grades of wild strawberry or coincides with nachayoly maturing of its superearly grades. Honeysuckles children who regale directly from a bush on the first ripened berries of a season are especially glad.
The honeysuckle is very unpretentious. Term of its productive isyopolzovaniye – 20-25 years, but also posle it weren’t observed decrease in productivity. In the nature and culture the honeysuckle almost doesn’t suffer from wreckers and diseases.
Long since in traditional medicine of its berry apply as kapillyaroukreplyayushchy means at cardiovascular zaboleyovaniye, a hypertension, an anemia, and also as laxative and mochegonyony means, at diseases zheludka, a liver, a gall bladder. Juice from berries treat herpeses and ulcers, and otvayory of leaves and a flower – bolezni an eye, throats, skin diseases. In recipes of the Tibetan medicine otvar a bark appoint, as boleutolyayoyushchy cure for a headache, articulate rheumatism, gout, severe pains in a stomach; water solution of a flower apply in the form of lotions at diseases of eyes. For treatment of wounds use izmelchyonyony leaves that is based on antiyoseptichesky properties of a honeysuckle. From the dried-up young escapes collected in flowering, gotovyat broth which use as a diuretic, and also as means against a hair loss (wash the head).
Except sugars and acids, in plodax honeysuckles contain valuable biologically active substances. So, vitamin C it accumulates to 130 mg of %, R-active substances – to 1800 mg of % (on this indicator it the second after chernoplodny ryabiny). Besides, in berries soderzhatsya vitamins B2, V6, V9, carotene, and from microcells – iron, copper, manganese, iodine. Pectinaceous substances in its fruits collects to 1 mg of %.
The adult bush, depending on a grade and age, can dostigat heights from 1 to 2,5 m, approximately the same sizes it in diameter. Therefore when landing, (two-year saplings), it is expedient primenyat the scheme – 3 m between ranks and 1,5 m among. Thus very vazhyono to remember that samoplodny grades of a honeysuckle don’t exist. For its cross-pollination neobxodimo to land nearby other grades of a honeysuckle, the same look and all to one bushes will please you with the peculiar berries.
It is important to gardener to pick up a grade suitable for its region. To attention of those who burns with the desire to plant this berry culture we offer descriptions of two perspective grades in the conditions of Ukraine.
The fiery fell down. Grade NIISS of Lisavenko, zoned in Siberia. Average term of maturing. Bushes srednerosly (for the 10th year to 1,5 m), a projection of krone of 1,5 x 1,6 m. A krone form sprawling, with a rykhyoly arrangement of branches. Escapes direct. The crop is located openly and easily available to collecting. Leaves dark green, with weak omission on edge and from the bottom party, with the expressed sinuosity and krupnymi stipules. Berries large, mass of 1,0-1,1 g, shirokoovalny, with a smooth surface. Appointment, more, technical since in fruits the easy gorchinka which almost disappears at full ripeness is felt. Processing products – jam; the berries wiped with sugar receive on tastings the highest marks for excellent juicy taste, it is good zheliruyutsya. Productivity high; for the 9th year receive to 6 kg of berries from a bush. Fructification ezheyogodny, with produktivyonost increase. The grade is steady against an osypaniye. Winter hardiness, stability to veyosenny frosts, and also to vreyoditel and diseases the high.
Bogdana. It is deduced in VIR, soyovmestno from Krasnokutsky OSS (Ukraine). Bushes srednerosly upright, srednezagushchenny, krone form obratnokonichesky. Skeletal branches nemnogochislenyony, direct, knotty, grayish-brown. Escapes greenish, direct the average thickness, not trimmed. Leaves of average size, green, oval, with the roundish basis and a top. Fruits dark blue-blue elongated and oval, expanded in an average part, the basis pryayomy, a top pointed, large (mass of 1,1 g, length of 25 mm, diameter of 11 mm). Surface smooth thin skin and pulp the dense. Taste sweetish and sour, with aroma. Degustatsionyony assessment 4,2 points. Content of solids of 15 %, Sugars of 8,6 % of acids of 2,3 %, ascorbic acid 57 of mg/100 of. Term of maturing of Candlemases. Efficiency of 1,9-2,8 kg from a bush. Osypayemost weak. Zimoyostoykost high.
(On Dachnik newspaper materials).