In article the technology of cultivation of vegetable marrows is in detail stated.
UDC 635
The vegetative period of a vegetable marrow small – 45-60 days from emergence of shoots to technical ripeness of fruits and 110-120 days to their biological ripeness. The vegetable marrow more xolodostoek, than other pumpkin cultures, but doesn’t transfer frosts. Seeds start to sprout at soil temperature 8-100S but if they long lay in it at lower temperature, give the weakened low-yielding plants. Optimum air temperature for growth and vegetable marrow development 18-250C, during flowering 18-200C in the morning and 25-270C in the afternoon, at infructescence 25-270C. At the lowered temperatures within 5-10 days in the first month of vegetation education man’s a flower is late for a week.
At the beginning of growth vegetable marrows are exacting to moisture, optimum for them humidity of the soil of 80 %, relative humidity of air of 70-75 %.
The vegetable marrow can grow on any rather friable soils, but fertile environments with reaction closer to neutral (rN 6,5-7,5) are preferable to it.
Vegetable marrows don’t take out sour soils and high standing of ground waters. They are sympathetic on mineral and organic fertilizer. The root system maintains a small zasoleniye.
Vegetable marrow cultivation on one place within several years leads to infection accumulation in the soil. On a former place it is possible to return it not earlier than the 4-5th year. Bad predecessors for this culture – a cucumber and others pumpkin, good – a tomato, early cabbage, carrots, onions, a beet and bean.
The soil is better for digging over since autumn on depth of 27-30 cm, without breaking lumps. At the same time introduce organic and mineral fertilizers, on the average doses can be such: on 1 sq.m 3-6 kg of organic, 50-80 g of the complex mineral. Sour soil proizvestkujte. Instead of a lime it is possible to use ashes, adding it in a hole when landing. On poor soils there is a sense to introduce organic fertilizers in a hole when landing (1-2 kg) together with ashes (30-40 g). From nitric fertilizers under a vegetable marrow it is desirable to use ammonium sulfate, fruits will be more tasty. Nitratnye salts negatively affect quality of production.
Air temperature during crops should be not less 150S. Seeds need to be sowed to the warm soil. Usually flowering of dandelions testifies to its warming up necessary for a vegetable marrow. The scheme of crops of 50×60 cm or 70×70 see. In each hole put on 2-3 sunflower seeds. Seeds zaglublyajte on heavy soils on 3-5 cm, on lungs – on 5-7 see. An expense of seeds – 3-4 g on 10 sq.m.
At crops of seeds in open soil vegetable marrow shoots usually appear for the 5-6th day.
Necessary reception – a prorezhivaniye of seyanets at formation of the first real leaf. To be late with a prorezhivaniye it is impossible, as zagushchenny plants are quickly extended that detains formation of lateral escapes and fruits.
That vegetable marrows normally grew, it is necessary to water them regularly with warm water, especially in mass flowering and fructification. Depth of wetting of the soil 15-20 see. Waterings are better for carrying out in the second half of day.
It is useful to combine waterings with podkormkami is promotes formation of large fruits and considerably detains them the period in a phase of biological ripeness.
To feed up plants begin after formation of the second leaf. On the fertile or well fertilized soils the first top dressing is better for carrying out a month later after disembarkation of plants. For this purpose in 10 l of water dissolve 40 g kristalona (potash fertilizer) or complex fertilizers and water plants with this solution at the roots, trying not to get on leaves. It is possible to use and a feltwort diluted with water in the ratio with 1:4, or organo-mineral fertilizers – on 60-80 g on 1 sq.m, with the subsequent seal by a rake on depth 2 see. After a rain of fertilizer it is possible to bring in a dry form. The consumption of simple fertilizers, in g on 1 sq.m, on the average can be such: ammonium sulfate – 17, superphosphate – 10-15, potassium sulfate – 18. Top dressing spend each 10-12 days.
After the first wave of fructification rejuvenate plants, spraying them on leaves the following solution: on 10 l of water – 20 g of urea and 1 tablet of a concentrate of microcells.
If a bush of a vegetable marrow strongly zagushhen, for weakening of growth and redistribution of nutrients in favor of fructification prishhipnite a top of the main stalk. It not only will increase a crop, but also will approach the beginning of collecting fruits. To strengthen airing of strongly expanded and zagushchenny bush of a vegetable marrow and to open access to bees to a flower, remove 2-3 average leaves.
A.Lebedev.
(On magazine materials A garden and a kitchen garden).