The high-quality structure of the winter grain and forage crops recommended for cultivation in a steppe zone of Ukraine is given in this article.
SORTIMENT KOSTOCHKOVS of CULTURES IN the CRIMEA
For the last 20 years the sortiment of kostochkovy cultures in the south of Ukraine, including and in the Crimea considerably changed and makes 137 grades included in the Register. Besides, 46 perspective grades of selection NBS-NNTs pass a sortoispytaniye on gossortouchastka of Ukraine.
Leading kostochkovy culture in the Crimea still there is a peach for which according to the concept of development of gardening till 2025 60 % of all gardens kostochkovy are allocated. Bulk of grades to old, 22 grades more than 20 years. In spite of the fact that it is prepared and transferred in a gossortoispytaniye a lot of new, their insignificant part is brought in the Register: Crimean Fireworks, Crimean Autumn, Ambassador of the World, Starting (selections NBS-NNTs). The last three grades are introduced in production in the Kherson, Odessa areas and in the Crimea, they showed good results.
In recent years, with the become frequent severe winters, demand for sweet cherry increased. Its sortiment was strongly updated. From old grades in the Register remained Valery Tchkalov, Exhibition, Drogana Zhyoltaya, Amber.
The main requirements of the market today – it is productivity, marketability (size, appearance), transportability, resistance to cracking of fruits after a rain. Darkly painted krupnoplodny grades with dense pulp and a dry separation of a fruit stem use demand. Besides, they should be winter-hardy, steady to kokkomikozu, are drought-resistant. Such parameters are answered by new grades of sweet cherry of Melitopol institute of irrigated gardening: Friendship, Zodiac, Spark, Prestigious, Viznannya, Sconce, Debut, Notice, Lasunya, Ppoctip, Chance, Epos, Supernitsa, Bixa, Divna, Lyubimitsya Turovtsev, Temporyun. These grades are recommended for cultivation in steppe or forest-steppe and steppe zones. In the Crimea selectors NBS-NNTs deduced and patented six grades of sweet cherry: Spring Tunes (Vesnyan_ naspivi), Balovnitsa (Vitivnicya), July (Lipneva), Queen of spades (Shkova Dama), Winner (Prizerka), Delight (Delight), their three grades Notable, Karadag, Market vvedenyv Register.
The apricot moves to the areas approached to the sea, big reservoirs since this culture bysto leaves a condition of physiological rest and more often than other cultures is damaged by spring returnable frosts. The proximity of big reservoirs softens difference of temperatures. To these conditions more correspond Dzhankoysky the area (east part), the Kherson area (New Kakhovka, etc.). Apricot Sortiment the following: Burevesnik, Pilot, Crimean Amur, Zoryany, Kostinsky, Olympus, Parnassus, Forum, Red-cheeked.
Cherry plum – the most adapted culture for conditions of the Crimea, it as a lifesaver, practically always with a crop. Only krupnoplodny grades However, are in demand. Grades Plentiful, by Dessertnaya, Olenek are still grown up. From new it is possible to call the General and Tatyana.
As to plum, for a steppe zone generally there are old grades: Anna Shpet, Voloshka, Renklod Altan, Stenley, Hungarian Large, Hungarian Italian. They are rather winter-hardy, but suffer from diseases. The Hungarian Large and Stenley are steadier against diseases.
However the need for a landing material of the kostochkovy isn’t satisfied, especially sweet cherries, plums, cherries. Clonal stocks, preference a little are for the present used while is given to seed stocks.
The Sortiment of kostochkovy cultures was considerably updated in recent years, approximately for 50 %. According to the economic and biological characteristics it changed towards a prevalence commodity (size, color, a form) and economic (productivity, transportability and so on) indicators. Though indicators of quality of fruits (taste, a pulp consistence, biochemical value and so forth) remain at high level.
T.Latsko, the senior research associate FROM NBSN NTs, the candidate of agricultural sciences.