The considerable part otelov falls on winter and spring months. During this period in rooms the increased humidity, quite often goes down temperature, drafts walk, harmful and poisonous gases, first of all ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and others accumulate. All this negatively influences health of newborn calfs. For the prevention of their disease of calfs it is recommended the following …
The considerable part otelov falls on winter and spring months. During this period in rooms the increased humidity, quite often goes down temperature, drafts walk, harmful and poisonous gases, first of all ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and others accumulate. All this negatively influences health of newborn calfs. For the prevention of their disease of calfs it is recommended the following:
Newborn calf place on a sacking and bring to the head of a cow that it could lick it well. If it doesn’t lick the kid, it is necessary for rubbing off carefully and promassirovat skin. Then a calf carry away in a warm place where it could dry. The newborn needs to be preserved against drafts and humidity, after all damp, he can catch a cold even at air temperature +15°S.
He later than in 1,5-2 hours a cow follows podoit. It is necessary to cost the first streams of colostrum in separate ware and to a calf not to give – in them many microbes. If in colostrum there will be clots, flakes, serum, impurity of blood, etc., such colostrum also doesn’t follow a calf vypaivat. It is necessary to give to drink to a calf svezhevydoyenny colostrum from a mamillar drinking bowl (on 1-1,5l.)
In the first five days not less than 4-5 times, and then 3 times per day on 1,5-2 l give colostrum. 5-8 times per day on 1,5-2 l are better to give to drink to the weakened calfs. For the 4-5th day of a calf it is possible to accustom to drink milk from a bucket.
Calfs from first days should give water. Since the 3rd and till the 10th day give warm boiled water between a poyeniye colostrum 1-2 times a day from mamillar drinking bowls or from a bucket with 10 – 15-day age to them vypaivayut good-quality unboiled water on 1-2 l a day. To water it is possible to add 0,5 % of table salt.
From the 10th day of life calfs are given gradually good hay (better bean) and mineral top dressing (table salt, chalk, a bone flour). At first them give with milk, and then, with 2 – 3-week age, with the concentrated sterns: salt and chalk on 5-7 g and a bone flour – 2-3 g per day.
The C fortnight age of calfs accustom to eating of the concentrated forages, in the beginning an oat and barley flour, then the wheaten bran, special compound feeds and others.
From second month of life young growth accustom to eating of juicy forages: fodder beet, carrots, good silo. To 6-month’s age root crops give crushed, and potatoes – boiled.
Since 20th day whole milk gradually replace fat-free, and since 2nd month to calfs whole milk don’t give. If there is a possibility to get substitute of whole milk (ZTsM), it can be used since 11th day of life. Use of ZTsM allows to save 50-60 kg of milk.
Don’t forget a drinking bowl, a bucket, a dummy after a poyeniye of a calf it is good to wash away each time warm water, hot 10 %-nym soda solution and once again warm water. A cage in which the calf will be placed in the first 14 days, it is necessary to clear carefully of dirt and to whitewash a svezhegasheny lime. In the subsequent it can be kept in a fence.
Since 13-15 day age of calfs accustom to walks lasting 10-12 minutes, and later – till 2-4 o’clock. To let out them on walk it is necessary windless weather, when there is no a rain and snow and the temperature isn’t lower a minus 15°S.
Control indicators of a microclimate for calfs to 2-month’s age in the following: temperature – 16-18 With, relative humidity of 60-70 %, speed of movement of air – 0,1 m/s, air exchange – not less than 12 m3/h on 1 c of live weight, microbic pollution – to 40 thous m3, quantity of a dust – to 4,0 mg/m3, concentration of carbon dioxide – to 0,15 %, concentration of ammonia – to 10 mg/m.
And. BARABASH, professor, S. POLISCHUK, assistant professor Southern branch Crimean agrotechnological university of National agrarian university.