In this article wreckers and diseases which will meet on fields of winter grain and commercial crops during the specified period are listed. Injuriousness is noted them at a various temperature mode.
Mnogoyadnye wreckers
Mnogoyadnye wreckers
Provolochniki and lozhnoprovolochnik: Everywhere established warm weather promotes lifting of provolochnik and lozhnoprovolochnik in the top layers of earth. During the whole month their injuriousness will be noted in crops of winter, summer and propashny crops.
Gophers: It is everywhere noted gon gophers. Within April their moving in a zone of Sivash, along sprinklers, channels, in crops of winter crops will proceed.
Podgryzayushchiye and listogryzushchy scoops: In crops of crops in April injuriousness podgryzayushchy (winter, exclamatory, wheaten) and listogryzushchy (scoops scale, lyutsernovy, cabbage, cotton, tomato, etc.) a scoop is expected. The scoop will promote mass development existence of blossoming weed vegetation on the thrown fields.
Grain crops
Grain ground beetle: In crops of grain crops a food of larvae of the grain ground beetle of 1-3 age proceeds. Average number of the wrecker makes 1,5 copies/sq.m, maximum – 4 copies/sq.m. Considering that the territory of the Crimea is under the influence of various microclimatic factors, zones of various development of the grain ground beetle were formed. So in east part of the Crimea, larvae of the II-nd (62 %) and the III-rd (38 %) age harm. In crops winter a northwest part of the Crimea a food of larvae of I (20 %) and the II-nd (80 %) age that points to long injuriousness of the wrecker during the spring period is noted.
Grain bugs: Warming up of a vegetative laying in forest belts promotes the beginning of an exit of a bug of a harmful cherepashka on a soil surface. According to spring control inspection average number of a bug makes 1,8 copies/sq.m.
Sexual ratio of males and females 40: 60. Mass of females – 115 gr., males – 110 grams. A condition of the wintered bugs, considering the above-stated data, satisfactory.
At temperature establishment + 17 + 190S air mass flight of a bug of a harmful cherepashka from wintering places in crops of grain crops is expected. Their departure will coincide with an exit in a tube of winter crops.
Cereal flies (black, wheaten, Swedish, Giessen): In the second half of April in warm sunny days with a temperature mode above +160S the mass departure of cereal flies of summer generation and an otkladka of eggs will be observed.
Cereal flea beetles: In April a food of cereal flea beetles in crops of winter and summer crops will proceed. In the moving centers they can cause a notable damage to crops of cereal cultures.
Cereal plant louse: Weather conditions of April promote active moving and injuriousness of a cereal plant louse in crops of grain crops as development and injuriousness of a plant louse directly depends on weather climatic conditions (a steady temperature mode, warm and damp weather).
Pyavitsa krasnogrudy: In April settling, an otkladka of eggs, an otrozhdeniye of larvae of a krasnogrudy pyavitsa in crops of grain crops will proceed.
Wheaten trips: Injuriousness wheaten tripsa is expected in a kolosheniye, at first on winter, and then and on summer grain crops. The greatest injuriousness tripsa is expected in the central part of the Crimea.
Difference of day and night temperatures, loss of cold dews and short-term precipitation, will promote manifestation gelmintosporioza on barley, mealy dew, a brown sheet rust, septorioza in crops of winter grain crops.
Commercial crops
In growth of long-term herbs injuriousness fitonomusa, lyutsernovy scoops, a lyutsernovy bug is expected.
On shoots of krestotsvetny cultures (the rape, cabbage, a garden radish, mustard) is expected vredonosnostsveklovichny and krestotsvetny flea beetles. Difference of a temperature mode and availability of drop moisture will have favorable impact on development sveklovichny shhitonoski itli.
Wreckers and diseases of fruit crops and grapes: In blooming of kidneys and at temperature above + 100S the mass exit from places of wintering of a blackvein, the browntail, a yablonny moth, and also garden weevils, such as cvetoed, the gray pochkovy weevil, the brent, a bukarka is expected.
Activization of development and injuriousness of plant louses, deaf adders, pincers, shchitovka, rozanny listovertka is expected at daily average temperature +5-+ 100S.
Weather conditions of April develop favorably for development of diseases in gardens. For decrease in oppressing action of mushroom diseases it is necessary to provide application fungicidov with periodicity in 10 days.
With promotion of a green cone in gardens development of mealy dew and parshi is expected.
Grapes: In the steppe regions of the Crimea in swelling of kidneys, it is necessary to expect injuriousness Crimean skosarya. In the 3rd decade of April it is expected years of butterflies of a grozdevy listovertka of the first generation. Development felt zudnya is expected with blooming of leaves on grapes. In grape plantings in the presence of a gain of 15-20 cm, 3-5 leaflets, it is necessary to hold preventive events against mildyu.
V.A.PERMYAKOV,
chief of the State inspection of protection of plants of AR Crimea
S. N. KINDRUK,
head of department of forecasts and fytosanitory diagnostics
State inspection of protection of plants of AR Crimea