(Termination. The beginning in No. 32).
Garden
(Termination. The beginning in No. 32)
At these grades productivity of bushes reaches 15-20 kg of berries, and in many respects depends and not only on a cultivation zone, but also from agrotechnology level. The gooseberry can raise and yield a harvest almost on all types of soils, but especially fruitful happens on soils of average granulometric structure. Thanks to powerful root system this culture is drought-resistant.
The most responsible phenological phase for a gooseberry – flowering. If it blossoms in early terms, there is a danger of death of floral kidneys and zavyazy from spring frosts. Adverse weather conditions can prevent a pcheloopyleniye therefore it is important to have samoplodny grades – Kolobok, Pink-2, the Eaglet, etc.
At expectation of frosts blossoming bushes since evening cover paper, a bast mat or a matter. If there is no possibility to cover all flowers, it is possible to apply overhead irrigation small raspyly, for this purpose it is beforehand necessary to be reserved by the corresponding nozzles and a hose.
At some grades the root system is damaged at-3 … – 40S. Therefore for again planted bushes the autumn mulchirovaniye of a radical zone is necessary and it is desirable to cover them snow. At the majority of grades at temperature-33 … – 340S the annual prirostok freezes slightly. The fructifying zone is steadier, but thaw with the subsequent frosts in the middle of the winter to-35 … – 380S and at the end of winter to – 300S can lead to strong damage of plants. Frozen slightly, with the intact root system bushes restore the efficiency in 1-2 years, at the expense of growth of an annual gain.
To land a gooseberry it is better on the dug-out, shined, well warmed up sites. The best landing time, especially in the southern areas – autumn.
This culture on a mineral food therefore before landing it is necessary to bring 8-10 kg of humus in a hole, 20 g of phosphoric fertilizers and 40 g – potash (on active ingredient) is sympathetic.
Saplings or layers are necessary for landing on 5Yo-7sm more deeply, than they grew in nursery. On a surface of the earth there should be 10-15 cm pure shtamba. Each skeletal branch when landing it is shortened on a kidney sent to the middle and up. All radical prirosty and branches on the lower part of a stalk is cut off. The next year, in the early spring, the left escapes cut off on a half. The radical and low located branches delete.
For the third year in the spring it is necessary to truncate on a half prirosty, on a kidney turned in the desirable direction, and also to cut out branches which zagushhayut a bush, to truncate unnecessary for a skeleton, keeping 5 cm of a gain of this year. That berry was large, the bush should be thinned out. Since the end of June till the end of July cut off all lateral escapes of the current year, keeping to 5 leaves on everyone. It we open a bush and we delete a plant louse with tops of escapes. Conductors we do not cut off, but early in the spring at the created bushes them on a half shorten, and the lateral branches which have been cut off last year, cut off approximately on the second kidney. All sick, dry and zagushchayushchy also cut out a branch bush. It is necessary to remember that the gooseberry fructifies on branches of more advanced age and about the basis lateral last year’s prirostov. Therefore it should have constant skeletal branches in the form of a bush with the open center.
The gooseberry layers, odrevesnevshy and green shanks, seeds breeds. In the first case for receiving strong lateral escapes from the woken-up lateral kidneys, all annual escapes and a gain of long-term branches shorten on the fifth part of their length. Near a bush do (radially) grooves, by depth 10-12 see. In them stack escapes, pinning them wooden hooks, and temporarily leave open. Only when the new gain will reach height of 12-15 cm, them powder with the damp soil. And in 15-20 days the soil powder again. Annual and three-year branches better take roots. In the autumn cut off them from a bush, dig out, cut off at saplings the top part of escape with the neofallen leaves at height of 25-30 cm, below leaves tear off. After landing escapes cut off, leaving over a surface of the soil of 2-3 kidneys.
For reproduction by odrevesnevshy shanks, them prepare in the autumn. Shanks in length of 15-18 cm cut, connect in bunches and keep in a cellar before education kallyusa, having lowered the bottom ends them in damp sand. In the spring land in a hotbed, leaving on a surface one kidney.
At reproduction by green shanks in June-July, cut off tops prirostov in the length 5-6 see. Connect in bunches and for 2-3 days immerse in growth factor solution. After land in the soil mix consisting of one part of peat and one part of sand. Landing scheme 4x8sm or 8x12sm. Depth of seal of shanks 1,5-2sm. Cover landings by a film and 5-6 times a day spray water, and in hot days pritenyayut and air.
Gooseberry seeds after collecting stratify in a cellar. But as soon as soil will freeze, seeds mix with sand, fill up in boxes and transfer to in advance prepared hole depth the 40-50th, powder with the earth on 20sm. Early in the spring seeds get and sow in a hotbed, and at emergence of 2-3 real leaflets, dive on a bed. By autumn well created seyanets grow.
Nikolaev, V. BESPALOV.