In a note the main receptions of processing of the soil are presented. Sowing terms are specified. Recommendations concerning carrying out podkormok are made.
Productivity of winter grain crops in many respects depends on early-spring top dressing of crops on the talomyorzly soil in February windows.
The optimum norm considered introduction of 30-35 kg of active ingredient of nitrogen on hectare. In this case it is possible to expect a crop increase within 2-4 c/hectares. Higher norms as showed data of experiences, didn’t pay off a crop increase. Thus it is necessary to consider that the effect from introduction of nitrogen will be only if the content of phosphorus in the soil not less than 1,5-2 mg/100 of g of the soil. If it low, on such soils it is necessary to apply in the spring top dressing by at the same time nitric and phosphoric fertilizers. Ammoniac saltpeter more all is suitable for top dressing at early renewal of vegetation because it comprises an ammoniac form which is more available and is quickly acquired by plants, and nitratny, with longer term of assimilation.
More effective the top dressing which is carried out after renewal of spring vegetation, as soon as possible an exit in the field grain seeders of the SZ-3,6 type (on Buznitsky).
Sequence of carrying out podkormok the following:
• seed sites;
• crops where winter well ascended, but it is weak raskustilis since autumn;
• the crops placed on the worst predecessors;
• the crops which have not received mineral fertilizers under the main processing or under
preseeding cultivation.
The main processing of the soil under the summer – is plowing on 20-22 cm, or ploskorezny loosening on 12-14 see. The summer grain are sympathetic on introduction of mineral fertilizers under the main processing of the soil. So, N40P40 introduction under the main processing increases productivity of summer barley on the average on 4,2 c/hectares.
The main reception of spring processing of the soil is preseeding cultivation on depth of seal of seeds. If the soil since autumn is well prepared, it is possible to be limited to a boronovaniye heavy zubovy harrows. The main conditions of high-quality predpodevny processing – moisture preservation, alignment of a field and destruction of weeds depend on physical ripeness of the soil, cultivator adjustment. Requirements: a deviation from the set depth no more than 1 cm, cutting of weeds of 100 %, overlapping of adjacent passes on 10-15 see.
Sowing terms – superearly and early as soon as the soil "will keep up" and will cease to stick to working bodies of agricultural tools.
Norm of seeding of summer barley – 3,5-4,0 million, oats – 4,5-5,0 million vskhozhy grains on hectare. Depth of seal of seeds – 4-6 see.
Crops of early summer cultures by usual grain seeders with an obligatory prikatyvaniye. The postsowing prikatyvaniye improves contact of seeds to the soil thanks to what sharply raises field vsxozhest and shoots appear for 1-2 days earlier, than on not a prikatanny site. The skating rink reduces an evaporated surface of the soil, the prikatanny earth quicker and more strongly gets warm. Requirements: a deviation of norm of seeding of seeds from established no more than 5 %, a deviation from the established norm between soshnik no more than 3 %, a deviation of depth of seal of seeds no more than 1 cm, crushing of seeds no more than 0,3 %. Speed of movement of the sowing unit of 8-10 km/h.
Now crops of the winter should be under continuous control: their survival rate depends not only on the lowered temperatures during the winter, but also from sharp fluctuations of temperatures during the early-spring period.
Izrezhennye crops winter (winter wheat less than 200 pieces/sq.m, winter barley less than 152 pieces/sq.m) podsevayutsya summer yachmenyom norm of seeding of 2-2,5 million vskhozhy seeds on hectare. Having sat down depth of seal of seeds – 5-6 is conducted across ryadok on small speed of movement of the sowing unit, see.
The most izrezhenny crops winter peresevayutsya. After soil cultivation on depth of seal of seeds crops immediately prikatyvayut annulate shporovymi skating rinks.
E.Shcherbenev, chief specialist of department of marketing of management of agroindustrial development of the Belogorsky district state administration.