The biological and economic characteristic of a plant of family of the bean is provided in article – nuta. Besides the agrotechnology of cultivation of this culture is given.
Nut possesses valuable biological and economic properties – high drought resistance, indiscriminateness to soils, a solevynoslivost, a stoyyokost to agricultural wreckers. Nut it is widespread in steppe rajonax the Crimea, the Odessa, Nikolaev, Kirovograd, Dnepropetrovsk, Kharkov areas. Its seeds are rich with protein, are used for the food and fodder purposes. Of a flour nuta make cookies and layokomstvo (rahat lakoum). Its stalks contain a significant amount of shchavelevy acid owing to what its green material in pure form on a forage to cattle is unsuitable.
Nut has upright, it is strong vetvyashhijsya a stalk and neparnoperisty leaves. All plant is covered with the rigid ferruterous hairs allocating shchavelevy kislotu which protect it from wreckers (a pea zernovka, a plodozhorka and a plant louse). Boby small, is more often dispermous, bubbly blown up (from here the name a puzyrnik). Seeds of various size and coloring (white, yellow, red, brown), with the characteristic otyotyanuty nouse forming them of a blockhead. From here one more name – mutton gorox. For the food purposes cultivate belosemyanny forms nuta, possessing the best razvarivayemost and flavoring qualities (they contain a large amount of fat – from 4,67 to 8,19 %). Nut is a valuable nutritious product and it is used for a priyogotovleniye of canned food, macaroni, sausages and confectionery.
Plant thermophilic. At the same time in stability to spring frosts surpasses a soya and haricot, maintains temperature to – 5-6°S. Adult plants don’t perish in the autumn at frosts to-8 S.Po an otnosheyoniya by a drought and high temperatures nut – one of the steadiest plants.
Now in the register it is entered its 15 grades. Grades Krasnokutsky 123, Tasty, Volgograd 10 are zoned.
They differ drought resistance and a crop to 25 c/hectares. Weight of 1000 seeds of 230-280 grams. The vegetative period of 65-75 days at melkosemenny grades.
Agrotechnology nuta the following: deep autumn plowing, 27-30 cm which considerably increases its productivity; in the spring as soon as possible departure the boronovaniye zyabi, a kulyyotivatsiya with surface alignment is in the field made; preseeding cultivation on depth to 8 see.
Before crops seeds nuta should be well cleared and checked on vsxozhest. They amicably sprout at t ° 6-8°C. It is necessary to sow in the early terms established for early summer cultures as seeds demand a lot of moisture for germination.
Crops are carried out by the ordinary grain seeders established on the top seeding in order to avoid crushing of grain. Way of crops shirokoryadny and continuous. Norms of seeding nuta for droughty regions of 80-100 kg/hectares, about 500 thousand vskhoyozhy seeds on 1 hectare. At continuous ordinary crops norm of seeding increase for 20-30 %. Normal depth of seal of seeds of 3-5 cm, but when drying the top layer of earth seeds nuta can be closed up on depth to 10 see. After crops the field is necessary prikatat. Clean nut in a full maturity when leaves and its beans will turn yellow. Strongly perestoyavyoshy crop gives difficult razvarivayemy grain. Cleaning is made by combines. Is the good predecessor for winter wheat and others zernoyovy.
L.Tishchenko, manager of Goseksperttsentr’s Soviet strong point.