In article the agrotechnology of cultivation of mustard white and sarepsky in the conditions of the Crimea is presented.
Reorganization 2002
Mustard – olive culture, undemanding to moisture and fertility of the soil. In a crop rotation it is placed after winter grain, leguminous, by lucernes. Don’t sow culture within 4 years after mustard, a rape, other cabbage cultures, millet and a beet.
mustard belayaboly holodostoyky, but less drought-resistant culture. therefore optimum term of its crops – the first possibility of an exit in the field. seeds of mustard white start to sprout at temperature +1-+ 3ºS. shoots, are capable to maintain frosts to-4 – 5ºS.
For our zone the following grades of mustard white are zoned: Carolina, Julia, Nady, Standard and Talisman. At observance of technology of cultivation mustard can yield a harvest at level of 18 c/hectares.
Sareptsky gorchitsameny holodostoyky, but more drought-resistant. Sow it right after summer barley, but not in February windows – since there is a risk of a vymerzaniye. At crops in the first of March better (temperature of the soil +4-+ 6 ºS) mustard uses spring moisture, develops powerful root system, more with firmness transfers a drought and suffers from attack of flea beetles less. Sareptsky mustard under our conditions more fruitful, than white (maximum productivity of 20-23 c/hectares). For our zone grades of mustard sareptsky are zoned: Tavrichanka, Tavrichanka-5, Mriya, rosava, is dark.
all agroreceptions connected with processing of the soil and introduction of mineral fertilizers (N30-90, P45-60), should be carried out to the autumn period. At the moment of mustard crops the field should be leveled. not to dry up a sowing layer of earth in the spring only one preseeding cultivation is admissible.
At crops by ordinary way the norm of seeding should be 1,5-2,0 million/hectares that makes: for mustard sareptsky – 5-8 kg/hectares, mustard white – 8-12 kg/hectares. at zagushchenny crops on plants less pods are formed, the quantity of seeds and their weight decreases. Seeds should be without fail pickled by preparations of insecticidal action against a krestotsvetny flea beetle. As the main criterion of depth of seal of seeds humidity of the soil serves. At early term of sowing optimum depth of seal makes 3-4 cm, at the late – 5-6 see.
The major reception at mustard cultivation – a postsowing prikatyvaniye of crops. It provides the most dense contact of small seeds with the damp soil that accelerates their germination and provides amicable shoots.
After emergence of shoots of mustard crops are carefully surveyed on existence of a krestotsvetny flea beetle. If the quantity of flea beetles doesn’t exceed an injuriousness threshold (3-5 pieces/sq.m), apply regional processing of crops If exceeds – process all crops by preparations Aktara, Aktelik or their analogs. Against bugs, caterpillars, a cabbage moth, a rape pililshchik, listoeda the same insecticides are applied.
Practice showed that at mustard crops in early terms in the continuous ordinary way there is no need for application of herbicides.
It is necessary to note that in the Crimea diseases on mustard crops owing to dryness of climate – the extremely unusual occurrence therefore fungicidy practically aren’t applied.
On crops of summer olive cultures it is possible to address for more detailed consultation by phone: 80661196179.
O. Tomashova managing laboratory of agriculture of the AAP UAAN Crimean institute, the candidate of agricultural sciences,
S. Tomashov, senior research associate of laboratory of agriculture.