In article there is a speech about a grain sorghum – fine fodder culture. Its nutritional value is also shown. The agrotechnology of cultivation of this culture is besides given.
Before kormovirobnik one z nayvazhliv_shy pitan ye pidvishhennya vmistu proteїnu at kormosumishax
In the droughty Ukrainian steppe a grain sorghum – one of zernofurazhny cultures which is capable to give stably in bogarny conditions of 50-60 c/hectares of fodder units in the form of grain or a monoforage.
Thanks to the soil climatic conditions Ukraine has great opportunities for production of grain of a sorghum. In the conditions of the southern and partially central its steppe this culture can be grown up on the area to 600–650 thousand hectares.
Great production value of a sorghum is defined by its high efficiency and universality of use. At the correct performance of all agrotechnical receptions the grain yield in favorable years and in the conditions of an irrigation can be finished to 130-150 and more than a c/hectare. By the American scientists it is established that if completely to realize potential efficiency of a sorghum, the grain yield can reach 600 c/hectares. These calculations are based on features of photosynthesis which consist that a sorghum not depressiruet photosynthesis even at very low concentration of carbonic acid in a ground layer of air and extremely economically spends plastic substances in the course of breath.
Fine fodder culture at which elevated bodies of a plant – grain, the whisk, stalks and leaves – are successfully used for preparation of various forages. But a body of all biological crop – this grain.
Grain – the excellent concentrated forage for all animal species. On a chemical composition it differs from grain of other zernofurazhny cultures a little. According to the maintenance of the main components doesn’t concede to corn and barley. It is possible to note only that in comparison with corn grain the sorgovy contains more protein and less fat. Bezazotistye ekstraktivny substances consist mainly of starch (more than 70 %) therefore their perevarimost very high and reaches 90 %. In 100 kg of grain of a sorghum 125,8 fodder units contain, it differs also higher, in comparison with corn and barley, the contents macro – and microcells: in nemsoderzhitsya in 1,5 times there is more than calcium, in 4 and 1,3 times respectively potassium and magnesium, than in corn grain. Barley grain on macroelement structure is almost identical to the sorgovy. According to the content of irreplaceable amino acids sorgovy it is possible to characterize as equivalent to corn grain. According to the content of the main amino acids of squirrels of grain of a sorghum corresponds to protein of corn, but concedes to the barley a little. Grain of a sorghum contains a number of valuable vitamins: pro-vitamin A (carotene), group B vitamins among which Riboflavinum, and also tannins prevails.
In our researches we studied in a zone of risky agriculture of the steppe Crimea various grades on precocity and sorghum hybrids: grade of Genicheskoye-209, hybrids of Genichesky-5/11 and Steppe-8. Results are given in table 1.
Table 1
Productivity of grain of a sorghum, c/hectare
Important factor in receiving a big crop of a sorghum is observance of an agrotechnology of cultivation. The technology of crops should include optimum density of standing of plants and width of row-spacings. Observance of optimum technologies in our experiences allowed to receive from 45 at a grade of Genicheskoye-209 to 60 centners of fodder units from one hectare at a hybrid of Genichesky-5/11.
In the conditions of the Rostov region efficiency of application of grain of a sorghum on a forage to pigs that allowed to draw the following conclusion is studied: grain of a sorghum raises indicators otkorma and promote improvement of quality of hulks that as a whole promotes increase of profitability of branch.
In feeding of ruminants not the last place plays the silosovanny forage which share in diets makes to 45-60 % in forage structure. Along with traditional culture corn, sorgovy cultures also can take the place in preparation of a silo or senazha.
Before a kormoproizvodstvo one of the major questions is increase of the maintenance of level of a protein in kormosmesyax. In winter diets of animals the shortcoming more than for 20 % of a perevarimy protein is noted. The main reason is a processing of reduced-protein cultures and use on a forage of a large amount of straw. For optimization of food supply it is necessary to select cultures which would provide production of forages with the set structure of elements of a food.
The intensification of animal husbandry is continuously connected with increase in production of forages at the expense of increase of productivity of crops. One of the main receptions of an intensification of production is the wide circulation of the mixed crops of forage crops. They give opportunity to balance a forage on nutrients, to receive high-quality carbohydrate and albuminous forages. The greatest distribution was received by double mixes in which the cereal component usually happens dominating, and bean – additional that enriches green material with protein.
In bean plants on 1 fodder unit of a protein contains on 120–130 g more, and according to the content of irreplaceable amino acids – in 4,0-4,5 times the squirrel of cereals is higher. Near advantages on nutritiousness, cereal cultures are characterized by ability to fix in the soil air nitrogen.
A large number of researches on efficiency of joint crops was carried out and such effective mixed crops cereal and bean are revealed: a kozlyatnik with a fire bezosty and the ezhy national team; barley and oats in a mix Wicca; nonconventional bean cultures (nut, peas, beans fodder, a rank and Vick) were compared to a soya.
Though bean cultures belong to trudnosilosuyemy sterns, the content of sugars in sorgovy cultures promotes optimization of process of siloing.
Perspective, but low-studied in a kormoproizvodstvo there is a question of use of a sorghum – a Sudanese hybrid and a Sudanese grass. Preparation of forages from these plants allows to receive more than 8000 fodder units and 0,8-0,9 tonnperevarimy proteins from 1 hectare.
Our researches, for the first time in irrigated conditions of the Crimea, developed technology of cultivation of cereal and bean fodder mixes on a forage by a ruminant. As a cereal component are used by a sorghum sugar and a sorghum-sudankovy a hybrid, and as bean – a soya.
In table 2 results of average value of nutritiousness are given in researches during the period from 2001 to 2005.
Table 2
Nutritiousness, value of a sorghum – soya mixes in experiences of 2001-2005.
According to the table it is visible that on an exit of fodder units sorgovy cultures in a mix with a soya – to 102,4 c/hectares are in the lead. The most high-grade forage on security with a protein appeared at kormosmesy sorgovy and a soya. Existence in kormosmesi soya plants promoted increase in specific weight of dairy acid and decrease acetic in the absence of the oil. As result – increase of protein nutritiousness for 10-15 %.
Thus, application of sorgovy cultures in droughty conditions of the South of Ukraine allows to raise an exit of nutrients from unit of area and to receive the fodder mixes enriched with a protein.
P. Ostapchuk, head of laboratory of animal husbandry, candidate of agricultural sciences; O. Pergayev, research associate of department of selection, primary and elite seed farming; L.Reynstein, younger research associate of laboratory of plant growing. Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN