In the publication the characteristic of a grade of a lavender of Izid, about his advantages in comparison with Sinov’s grades and Steppe is given.
A science – to landowners
Science – to landowners
Izid’s grade is received by a method of a free peyoreopyleniye of three grades of a lavender in the conditions of an izoyolyatsiya. Grade late-ripening. On the average for three tsvetosbor the crop of inflorescences made 46,8¿/hectare, the content of essential oil – 1,93 %.
Now in the south of Ukraine rajonirovany four grades of a lavender: Steppe, Record, Early and Blue. These grades razmnozhayutsya in the vegetative way that demands existence of a hotbed economy and big expenses of a hand labor.
The grade suitable for seed reproduction with splitting on morphological signs is necessary to production 20 % aren’t higher. Existence of such grade will allow to lower a stoyoimost of a landing material, to accelerate a vneyodreniye it in production and to increase ploshhadi, taken by this culture.
MATERIAL AND METHODS OF RESEARCHES
The main method in the course of creation of a grade of a lavender (LavandulaveraD.C.), prigodyony to seed reproduction, there was a polycross-country method. Groups of three-four grades landed on the isolated sites where it is free pereopylyalis. Seeds ubirali in maturing of 80 % of fruits with kazhdogo a sample separately. Received gibridy studied on stability to wreckers and diseases, a crop of inflorescences, a mass fraction of essential oil, its quality, height, diametru plants, length cvetonosa, inflorescences, to quantity of verticils and a flower in a verticil. An assessment carried out, since the first etapov selections, by techniques VNIIEMK (1,2).
Competitive sortoispytany (KSI) provodili in six repetitions. Control yavlyalsya the zoned grade Steppe, vysazhenyony in a year after crops of seeds by annual saplings. In KSI comparison provodili also with vegetativno made multiple copies soryoty Blue.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
At carrying out researches there were izuyocheno more than 300 numbers in a hybrid pitomyonik, from them 24 – in control nursery and 4 – in a competitive sortoispytaniye.
Results of studying of a grade of Izid in a sravyoneniye with grades Steppe and Blue on such hozyaystvenno to useful signs, as a zimoyostoykost, the vegetative period, soderzhayony linalilacetata in essential oil, a priyogodnost to the mechanized cleaning, privedeny in tab. 1. From data of this table Vedeno that the vegetative period at Sineyov’s grade for 7 days, and at Izid’s grade for 13 days proyodolzhitelny, than at a mid-season grade Steppe.
On a mass fraction linalilacetata in essential oil of a grade of Izid and Steppe in sredyony for three tsvetosbor are at one level – 42 %. At a grade Blue the contents linalilacetata – 45 %. Winter hardiness and suitability indicators to the mechanized cleaning at Izid’s grades and Blue are higher, than at a grade Steppe.
Results of researches on usyotoychivost degree to wreckers (tsikadkepennitsa) showed that population larvae and a povrezhdennost tsikadka was neznachitelyyony and didn’t exceed 10 % as development etogo the wrecker for years of studying was weak.
Estimates on stability of grades of KSI to septoriozu showed that in 1991 they were within 0,4-8,8 %, that is grades prakticheski weren’t struck. In 1992 all samples of KSI showed a strong porazhennost the septoriozy. So, degree of a porazhennost of a grade of Izid was 52,0 %, and grades of Steppe 51,2 %. In 1993 development septorioza on all selekyotsionny nurseries was very weak and didn’t exceed 10 %, i.e. at level of praktichesyoky stability. The grade is suitable for the mechanized cleaning.
In a competitive sortoispytaniye Izid’s grade was studied from 1991 to 1993 and annually prevyshal a grade – control Steppe on a crop of inflorescences, a mass fraction of essential oil (tab. 2).
On the average for three tsvetosbor the crop made it 46,8 c/hectares, a mass fraction of essential oil on crude mass of inflorescences of-1,93 %, collecting essential oil of 91,2 kg/hectares that above, than at a grade Steppe for 76,7 %.
With 1994g. on 1999g. the grade was in Gosuyodarstvenn of a sortoispytaniya. In 2000 it is zoned. Now in IELR there is a matochnik of a lavender of a grade of Izida for receiving seeds.
CONCLUSIONS
The grade of a lavender of Izid at reproduction by seeds on degree of a variation morfoyologichesky and hozyaystvenno useful priznakov is at level of a clonal grade Steppe, and on collecting essential oil exceeds it on the average for 3 tsvetosbor for 76,7 %. Cultivation of this grade will allow takzhe to cut down expenses on cultivation of a posayodochny material as from one kilogramma seeds at field vsxozhesti 50 % can be grown up seyanets for a laying of a planyotatsiya of a lavender on 25 hectares.
N. Visloukhova, candidate of agricultural sciences,
Institute efiromaslichny and UAAN herbs