In the publication full information on organic fertilizers – manure, humus and a bird’s dung is supplied.
Excess of fertilizers can’t compensate
Excess of fertilizers can’t compensate
lack of knowledge of their application.
Academician D. N. Pryanishnikov
Big crops can be received only at annual return to the soil of that amount of nutrients which was absorbed by grown-up cultures, that is, it is necessary to introduce fertilizers annually. But here question, how many and what?
Remember that with fertilizers it is necessary to address carefully, to bring not by eye, and it is exact on norm. Excess of fertilizers often does bigger harm, than their shortcoming. Let’s try to arm you elementary knowledge of fertilizers and their application.
Fertilizers happen organic and mineral. The greatest effect gives their joint introduction.
Organic fertilizers
To organic fertilizers carry manure of the distinguished animals, dung water, a dung of birds, composts, excrements, silt, sideraty. Advantage of organic fertilizers before the mineral is that they contain all necessary pitayotelny substances in a form available to rasyoteniye, are enriched fiziologicheski with active substances, aktiviziruyut a microbiological deyayotelnost, improve soil structure.
Manure – the most widespread oryoganichesky fertilizer. Fresh manure, especially pork, it is not necessary to apply. Manure owes 3-4 months perepret in the loosened condition in burte that the pathogenic microflora was destroyed. Manure on the average soderzhit 0,5 % of nitrogen, 0,25 % of phosphorus, 0,6 potassium, 0,2 % of calcium. Manure is loved by tayoky cultures, as a cucumber, potatoes, late cabbage, a vegetable marrow, a pumpkin. Manure, depending on possibilities, bring at the rate of 40-60 kg on 10 sq.m on sugliyonisty soils, increasing in 1,5 times by the sandy. Consequences of nutritious elements of manure more than direct action in the first year of introduction.
Humus – well gone wrong manure. It receive also when cleaning hotbeds, hothouses on biological heating. Humus can be brought under all vegetable cultures. It, along with peat, luchyoshy fertilizer for preparation of pitayotelny mixes at cultivation rassady and vegetables in the protected soil. Humus contains more nutrients, than navoz, and to bring it it is necessary for 30-50 % less.
The bird’s dung – very rich with pitayotelny substances, the most kontsentyorirovanny high-speed udobyoreniye, contains 0,5-1,8 % of nitrogen, 0,5-1,8 % of phosphorus, 0,6-1 % of potassium, 1,2-1,4 % of calcium. Nitrogen from a bird’s dung quickly disappears, therefore it is recommended to be poured peat or earth and to store in a dry place. Fertilizer is universal on any soils, under lyuyoby cultures. Bring under perekopku, but mainly for podkormok. Big concentration can lead to a burn of plants. It is best of all to use a bird’s dung for podkormok.
Peat – is a product from an incomplete razyolozheniye of the died-off parts of marsh plants in the conditions of excessive moistening and small quantity kisloroda. In peat contains nitrogen in neskolko times more, than in manure, fosfora – as much. And here potassium, calcium and druyogy elements in it is mute very little therefore it is desirable before introduction kompostirovat peat with a bird’s dung, navozyony swill, manure and with an obligatory doyobavleniye of a lime.
Composts prepare from a various waste: leaves, a kitchen waste, soryony plants (without seeds), excrements, opilok. For this purpose choose a platform far from the house, enclose it with the roller of 20-25 cm that under a heap water didn’t flow. On a bottom stack leaves, sawdust or other material absorbing liquid, and then – all that is subject to a razloyozheniye, alternating layers of components. Zheyolatelno periodically compost uvlazhnyat to shovel. It is useful to water a heap with dung water, and for a warming up dobavlyat manure from any animals.
Sawdust can be used and in a sveyozhy look, and after a composting. Advantage of fertilizers on a basis an opiyolok – their ease and ability zaderzhivat development of some types of vozbuyoditel and diseases. Skilled ovoshhevody grow up good harvests ogurcov, tomatoes even on pure opilkax. To beginning vegetable growers sawdust is best of all for punching together with manure, dung water, a bird’s dung or solution of mineyoralny fertilizers (on 10 l of water bring on 200 g of ammoniac saltpeter and superfosfata, 50 g of potash fertilizers).
The straw is sharp as well as sawdust, is a fine easy loosening material and fertilizer at the same time.
Silt (sapropel) contains a large number of organic and mineralyyony substances. Therefore it is horoyoshy fertilizer under vegetable cultures at direct introduction on 3-4 kg on 1 sq.m. It is used and for preparation komposta. The silt taken out in the autumn should ziyomy peremerznut. Bring it in the autumn under perekopku.
Excrements – the organic fertilizer rich with nitrogen and poor with potassium and a fosyofor. To use this fertilizer follows under potatoes, cabbage, root crops and not to apply under the vegetables used fresh. Bring in the autumn under perekopku soils.
(On newspaper materials Fermersye a hospodariate Continuation in the following number).