From the report of the Minister of an agrarian policy of AR Crimea of P.I.Yekimov at meeting of landowners of the republic.
Materials on Republican
(from the report of the minister of an agrarian policy of AR Crimea of Akimov at meeting of landowners of the republic)
On the crop’s eve of 2007 in all categories of farms of the republic winter, summer grain grains and forage crops were poseyany on total area of 572 thousand hectares from them early grain 553 thousand hectares (without corn, rice and sorgovy cultures).
Practically all areas of winter crops were poseyany in optimum and admissible terms.
- 90 % winter grain poseyano with introduction of starting doses of phosphoric fertilizers;
- over 93 % of the areas are sowed by high-reproductive seeds of the zoned grades;
- specific weight of new more productive varieties is finished to 80 %.
These factors allowed to receive timely shoots of winter crops, to provide active development of crops.
However, we will stop on a number of omissions which substantially influence volume of production of grain and its quality. In a number of agricultural enterprises and in the current year a laying of a crop of early grain crops carried out according to the simplified scheme.
On materials of republican state seed inspection as a whole on the republic more than 86 thousand tons of konditsionny seeds of winter grain crops that makes 132 % from requirement were prepared.
However, the considerable part of winter and summer crops was poseyana low-reproductive seeds.
The second important factor at a bookmark and crop formation – this application of fertilizers at crops.
It is known that phosphorus introduction – obligatory agroreception and it is possible to refuse it only in case of crops on zafosfachenny soils.
In too time without priposevny introduction of phosphoric fertilizers the considerable areas poseyany winter grain crops.
Insufficient, in our opinion, work on top dressing winter grain in Black Sea and Pervomaisk areas was organized.
Any hectare of the winter it is not fed up in the current year in:
- JSC Slavyane – from 972 hectares;
- JSC Buzov – from 510 hectares of the May Day area.
Less than a half of the areas it was fed up in 5 farms of the Black Sea area.
The final stage at grain yield formation – is protection of crops against weed vegetation, diseases and wreckers.
As a whole on the republic processing of crops of winter crops by herbicides was carried out for 97 % of the areas.
In too time remained it is not processed by herbicides of crops grain in Krasnogvardeysky, Black Sea and Saksky areas.
The lowest volume of preventive processings of winter crops against diseases was carried out by lateral mixes in farms:
- Lenin – for 25 % of the areas
- Nizhnegorsky – for 37 %
- Saksky – for 41 %
- Black Sea – for 51 % of areas.
Sowing of early summer cultures was carried out generally to optimum terms on 105 thousand hectares. Shoots were received on all area.
However, now, as a result of lack of a precipitation for nearly two months the vlagoobespechennost under winter and summer crops, both in arable, and in a meter layer sharply worsened.
Passed in the end of May a precipitation had local character and didn’t capture even 20 % of the territory.
According to areas winter grain crops were poseyany on an irrigation on the area of 60,4 thousand hectares.
As of May 22 didn’t carry out watering of crops separate farms Dzhankoysky, Kirov, Nizhnegorsky, Razdolnensky areas.
Many will tell that the irrigation very much costs much today for an agricultural producer.
However to agree with it it is impossible and a bright example for it are the State and Republican Programs of the budgetary support of irrigated agriculture.
In the budget of the Crimea for 2007 it is provided on compensation of expenses for the electric power of 2190 thousand UAH. From the state budget of Ukraine financial support on compensation of expenses for the electric power of 5800 thousand UAH is provided.
As you can see, to speak about excessively high zatratnost of irrigated agriculture – strong reasons isn’t present. Therefore first of all it is necessary to state an objective assessment of own relation to use of irrigated lands.
Using effectively irrigated lands it would be possible to level drought influence considerably. However it it was not made in the majority of areas.
Today the condition of crops is estimated as follows: in a satisfactory condition is near – 50 % of crops early grain; in a depression almost – 45 %. According to preliminary estimates specific weight of the lost crops makes no more than 5 %.
Thus, as of June 6, according to preliminary data the district state administrations, the harvested acreage of early grain crops in the republic makes 522,7 thousand hectares.
Proceeding from a today’s condition of crops the crop of all grain crops as a whole on the republic can make near 1mln.100 one thousand tons, of them early in limits 1mln.tonn.
And now we will analyse, as we were prepared for harvest works, and than really we have.
According to operative data of managements of agroindustrial development of the district state administrations number of combine harvesters makes 1560 units, of them serviceable – 1495 units or 96 %. Practically all areas of the republic have readiness level not below the srednerespublikansky.
Thus specific weight of modern high-efficiency and power saturated combines of national, Russian and foreign production makes only 22 %. And more than 72 % are the share of morally and physically out-of-date model – SK-5 "Field".
When using of only own park and average productivity of one combine to 10 hectares per day load of the combine will make 366 hectares with the settlement period of cleaning by own forces of 46 days.
At carrying out cleaning by own combines in 15 working days and seasonal load of 1 combine of 120 hectares of agricultural enterprise can clean only 175,4 thousand hectares or 32 % from the harvested acreage of early grain crops.
Ostalnaya Square, probably to clean only by means of the involved high-efficiency combines from other regions of Ukraine. At seasonal load of 1 combine of 525 hectares and productivity to 35 hectares per day them not less than 700 units is required.
Now there is an arrangement for operation of 517 involved combines or 73 % from requirement.
Taking into account features of cleaning of grain grains in the current year the special attention is necessary for turning on control and adjustment of grain-harvesting equipment:
- depending on culture and a condition of herbage to provide optimum height of a cut, to adjust work of a reel and reception shneka, it is necessary to give special attention to control and adjustment of molotilny and clearing systems of combines for an exception of crushing and losses of puny and superficial grain;
- to provide special modes of control and adjustment of all systems of combine harvesters when cleaning seed-growing crops for an exception of a travmirovaniye of seeds.
In the conditions of the current year the most severe control should be established behind quality of carried-out harvest works. It should not be lost any kg of the grown-up grain.
One of the main questions for cleaning of early grain grains, carrying out a complex of accompanying works, including soil preparation under crops winter grain a crop of 2008, is providing with combustive-lubricating materials.
For June – August months 17,6 thousand tons of diesel fuel, 7 thousand tons of autogasoline are necessary.
Now in agricultural enterprises of the republic there are 2,3 thousand tons of diesel fuel and 600 tons of autogasoline that respectively makes 13 % and 9 % to requirement.
It is necessary to compensate deficiency of fuel for the account of owners of the involved combines (2,8 – 3 thousand tons), and also acquisitions for own means of agricultural producers, the bank credits and the means allocated on state programs.
The ministry of an agrarian policy together with GU Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine in AR Crimea developed and sent to areas the Plan of measures on ensuring fire-prevention protection of a grain yield of cultures and rough forages in 2007.
Quickly it is necessary for regional public administrations, heads of agroindustrial formations of all forms of ownership, local government bodies:
- to take immediate measures on reduction in a boyegotovny condition of the fire formations being on their balance;
- to restore their activity at the enterprises and in village councils in which these formations are absent for any reason.
If process of cleaning of the grain – is more tactics, use of a collected grain yield – it already strategy and even policy.
The main objectives of regional public administrations, municipalities of domicile, agricultural producers are:
- formation of full requirement of high-quality seed fund for a laying of a crop of 2008 (109,8 thousand tons);
- ensuring full annual need of each area and the city a foodgrain, including not reduced the 3rd monthly stock (376 thousand tons and 90 thousand tons respectively);
- ensuring formation of the state food reserve in the volumes defined for the Crimea by the resolution of Cabinet council of Ukraine by N794 and the order of the Ministry of an agrarian policy of Ukraine from April 28, 2007 of No. 301 till August 15, 2007;
- ensuring full requirement of branch of animal husbandry with fodder grain (382 thousand tons);
- and also grain sale on account of repayment of debt on a salary and before the Pension fund.
The need for seeds on crops of winter crops makes 92,1 thousand tn, early summer grain 17,7 thousand tn.
The full need of the Autonomous Republic Crimea for a foodgrain for providing the population in bread and bakeries makes 376 thousand tons, including for needs of a hlebopecheniye not less than 293 thousand tons of a foodgrain. The three-months insurance stock not reduced to May 1 should make of them 90 thousand tons.
The main problem in the republic – this providing with bread of the population of the cities.
In the current year in one budget of the cities financial means on formation of regional resources of a foodgrain aren’t provided.
The ministry of an agrarian policy together with regional administrations organized production of necessary quantity of a foodgrain and offer it on domestic market. Further local government bodies of the cities to which very big powers in self-government are conferred should bear responsibility for purchase of necessary volumes: Committee on trade, monopolists of a hlebopecheniye – Krymkhleb and Krympotrebsoyuz. And in this question the Department of Economic Affairs should carry out the general coordination.
For stable providing the population with bread and bakeries the Ministry of an agrarian policy of the Autonomous Republic Crimea drafts of resolutions of Council of ministers and the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic Crimea by which it is provided that financial means in the sum of 6757,5 thousand UAH prepare., the grains of the regional order of the Autonomous Republic Crimea of 2004-2005 obtained from sale and returned in the budget of the Autonomous Republic Crimea are refinanced on purchase of food wheat 3 classes of a crop of 2007 in the regional order of the Autonomous Republic Crimea for 2007-2008 marketing period in volume of 7,5 thousand tons.
Realization of a foodgrain of the regional order in 2007-2008 marketing period will be carried out with a view of stabilization of a price situation in the market of grain, a flour, bread and bakeries according to the decision of Council of ministers of the Autonomous Republic Crimea and the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic Crimea.
By the order of the Ministry of an agrarian policy of Ukraine from April 28, 2007 of No. 301 are finished to the Crimean regional office of Agrarian fund of Ukraine of the offer on purchases in the state food reserve of grain of wheat of a crop 2007goda in volume of 31 thousand tons.
The order of the Ministry of an agrarian policy of Ukraine from May 30, 2007 of No. 371 defined the minimum and ceiling purchase prices of objects of the state price regulation:
- wheat 3 classes: min – 875 UAH/t; max – 951 UAH/t;
- wheat 4 classes: min – 820 UAH/t; max – 891 UAH/t;
- class wheat 5: min – 750 UAH/t; max – 815 UAH/t.
Basic provisions of the resolution of Cabinet council of Ukraine from 4.06.07 of No. 794 directed on support of agricultural producers injured with a drought of April-May of the current year it is provided:
- to suspend export of grain of a crop of the current year before completion of formation of the state and regional stocks for 2007-2008 marketing period;
- Goskomrezerva to buy a foodgrain under forward contracts with an advance payment of 50 % of cost of grain, and also meat in regions of victims of a drought
- a growth in volumes of financing of purchases of grain Agrarian fund on 100 million UAH. from the general fund of the State budget and on 200 million UAH. at the expense of redistribution on a number of the budgetary programs.
According to the program of financial leasing it is planned:
- to increase financing volume by 90 million UAH.;
- compensation of interest rates on briefly and medium-term credits, including passing credits of 2005-2006 the victim of a drought to farms within double discount rate of National bank;
- the offer to National bank and Association of commercial banks of Ukraine about prolongation of return of credit resources by affected agricultural enterprises since a crop of 2008 is made;
- a delay of payment of payments on the tax obligations in the government budget for victims of a drought of the enterprises. The similar recommendation is given and on tax payment in local budgets.
The last 2 years the tendency to increase in a livestock of cattle and a bird was outlined in all categories of farms, including farmsteads krymchan. The quantity of animals in individual sector considerably exceeds their number on farms of farms of various forms of ownership.
Therefore forages for the animals being in private use of the population, should be grown up generally in krupnotovarny farms (to 75 % from requirement) and to be realized to owners of animals at contractual prices on account of payment for rent ground and property having eaten and a salary.
May was very favorable for hay preparation.
However according to operative data of areas for June 6 of the current year 147,5 thousand tn are prepared only. hay or 57 % from a forecast.
Senazha 47,4 thousand tn or 53 % from a forecast are prepared, and farms of Lenin and Soviet areas didn’t start at all its preparation.
For stabilization and strengthening of food supply improvement of structure of fodder grounds is necessary.
Paramount value thus should have expansion of the areas of cultivation of long-term herbs which should become a kormoproizvodstvo basis, to transition to types of feeding physiologically most acceptable for animal husbandry and finishing of long-term herbs in arable land structure to scientific and reasonable norms of 15 %.
Today any area didn’t come nearer at all to scientifically reasonable standards of specific weight of long-term herbs in arable land structure.
Need of increase in the areas of cultivation of these cultures speaks also the following:
- long-term herbs became now the only way of maintenance of level of fertility of the soil. The amount of manure which would need to be brought in the soil, was catastrophically reduced in recent years, and long-term herbs, leave after themselves 20–30 tons of organic substance on hectare.
- expansion of crops esparceta on a waterless valley will promote strengthening of a grain farm.
The annual raspashka of a layer of long-term herbs will give the chance to place about 10 % of crops of winter wheat on this predecessor, creating preconditions of receiving not only a good harvest of grain, but also its high quality.
- the increase in the areas of cultivation of long-term herbs will allow to carry out transition from silage type of feeding of cattle on hay-senazhny.
- expansion of crops of long-term herbs will effectively promote decrease in a resource and power consumption of field husbandry. The area of annual processing of the soil will decrease, the amount of brought fertilizers will be reduced.