In article advice to beginning farmers how to destroy weeds on a small personal plot is given.
On a personal plot
On a personal plot
Weed plants not only ugnetayut growth and development of cultures, but also promote reproduction of vrediyotel, distribution of diseases. On zagushchenny and overgrown sornyakami currant and kryzhovyonik landings the willow shchitovka or an akatsiyevy lozhnoshchitovka more willingly settle; raspberries – activators antraknoza, septorioza, rusts, a purple spottiness. And such priyomer it is possible to give a set.
The waste grounds which have grown with weeds, roadsides of roads, drainage ditches, boundaries etc. are plentiful nurseries such malicious sornyakov, as snyt, a wheat grass, a nettle, a wormwood, the sow-thistles, which seeds rasselyayutsya a wind. A site bodyaka field in the area only 5 sq.m sposoben to litter with the seeds to 50 hectares of the earth (Spiridonov, etc., 2004). Seeds of many types sornyakov can keep a zhiznesposobyonost of 4-10 years, and at such types, as a zvezdchatka average – to 30, bodyak field (osotrozovy) – to 20, a vyyuyonok field – to 10, the tributary lekaryostvenny – to 20, mar white – to 38, a shepherd’s bag – to 35, a podoyorozhnik big – to 32, a wheat grass ordinary – to 12, a shchiritsa zayoprokinuty – till 40 years.
Therefore on any personal or country plot it is necessary to fight against weeds not incidentally, and it is constant. I want to give a little sovetov to beginning farmers. On 6-10 hundred parts such agroreceptions, as crop rotation, poslevskhodovy boyoronovaniye, cultivation malopriemlemy. Nevertheless and here mozhyono to undertake a number of profilaktichesyoky receptions which won’t allow a green fire on your site. First, don’t bring matters to a soyozrevaniye of seeds of weeds, podkashiyovy them or processing gerbicidami on a basis glifosata (for example, raundap). Secondly, prefer not fresh, but only to rerotting manure and the same composts which have been especially intended under yagodnik and wild strawberry. Will break this rule, and to correct a mistake it is necessary within three-four years.
Problem of decrease in a contamination of long-term bushes and derevev facilitates early-spring (right after a snow descent) introduction of nitric fertilizers as starting and seal by their rake. Many sornyaki, especially cereals and dandelions, thus are easily pulled out from the soil loosened with frosts.
Temporarily not used uchasyotka it is expedient to sow in a kacheyostvo sideratov with a long-term and odyonoletny lupine, a clover, a donyonik (200-300 g seeds/hundred part), skayoshivy and closing up them to the soil in a flowering phase. Two problems are thus solved srazu: fight against weeds and introduction organic udobreyoniya, equivalent to manure. The same role pozhnivny crops of a goryochitsa, a rape (play 300 g seeds/hundred part), yavlyayushhiesya besides antagonists of weeds. These types sideratov vysevayut right after onions cleaning, chesnoka, salads, carrots, potatoes, close up a rake, water and cover for 3-5 days with a film or lutrasily for fast a prorastayoniya of seeds and, the main thing, for a sklevyvaniye predotvyorashcheniye their birds. Siderata have the short period of vegetation – from shoots before flowering of 30-35 days – and, the flowerings plowed in a phase quickly decay, sniyozhy viability of seeds and proyorostok of weeds and reducing a zasoyorennost of the subsequent cultures on the average by 50 %. Mustard and rape, however, shouldn’t be sowed on the uchayostka, infected kily cabbage: they too are surprised this vozbuyoditel. Here as polnoyotsenny siderata it is possible ispolzovat a winter rye (4 kg/hundred parts). It, as well as many other cultural and wild cereals – the good competitor to weeds. It is good for sowing and in film hothouses, at once lodge the completion of vegetation vegetable, closing up to the soil, as well as in other cases, in the early spring under crops of cucumbers which prefer pochvy, well fertilized, friable, aerated and warmed up at the expense of decomposition by microbes of rastiyotelny weight.
At cultivation of vegetable and zeyolenny cultures in fight with sornyakami are effective spring and autumn perekopka soils on depth of 20-25 cm, its loosening and removal of weeds (it is desirable together with koryonevy system). At a strong zasoyorennost it is expedient obrabotat a site in the autumn on vegetiruyushchy annual and long-term cereals and two-submultiple weeds during the postharvest period raundapy or similar herbicides (120 ml, hereinafter the norm rasxoda a preparation is given on 10 l of water and 5 l of working liquid on 100 sq.m).
On potatoes landings for borby with the first wave of weeds efyofektivno formation of vysokoyoobjemny crests. At a prorastayoniya of the second wave of weeds (priyomerno in two weeks after a soyozdaniye of crests) hill vtorichyono. If this reception wasn’t carried out, and there is a lot of weeds, it is necessary to process them in 2-5 days prior to emergence vsxodov potatoes a glifosatsoderzhashchy preparation, for example raundayopy (40-60 ml), at a consumption of raboyochy liquid of 5 l on 100 sq.m. Mezhduryadya potatoes too should be not only pure from weeds, but also well loosened for an obespeyocheniye of good aeration and watering. Thus it is necessary to remember a netseleyosoobraznost of watering of landings poverxu a crest.
Application of herbicides on osnove glifosata against malicious sornyakov a spraying method in period their active growth and development on roadsides of roads, drainage kanavax, boundaries, at fences is admissible only in windless weather. In izyobezhany formations of a strong vozyodushno-drop wave from a raspyyolitel and her demolition on vegetable or other cultures, very chuvstvitelyyony to this group of preparations, pressure in a sprayer shouldn’t be created above 1-1,5 atmospheres. As glifosatsoderzhashchy herbicides – continuous action, in 2-3 weeks the processed sites will look as obgoyorevshy. As a rule, enough one processing to remove proyobly with trudnoiskorenimy sornyakami. Further such uchastki it is necessary to contain as lawns, in due time podsevy cereal herbs and podkashivy them periodicheski lawn-mowers.
In the presence of trudnoiskorenimy weeds among bushes of a currant and a gooseberry use the same raundap (80-120 ml). For a naneseyoniya of herbicide conveniently ispolzovat a stick with the piece of foam rubber adhered on the end in thickness of 2-3 cm, width to 10 cm and same dliny, periodically moistening it with a preparation rayostvor. When processing weeds among bushes of wild strawberry or flowers it is better to put gerbicid (in the concentrated look or (1:1) soft kiyostochka dissolved with water.
It is inadmissible, that herbicide popal on leaves protected kultury, it is also undesirable povrezhdeyony (break) of stalks of weeds, inache it will be difficult to a preparation proniknut in root system and to cause their death. If the preparation after all got on culture leaves, it is necessary to remove them right there.
It is most difficult to fight against a mnogoyoletny korneotpryskovy bindweed field, poselivshemsya among root system of kuyostarnik, especially a gooseberry. Dot drawing of herbicide on its leaves should be carried out at growth of escapes in length 10-12 see. If already opleli bush branches, them it is necessary to tear off bindweed escapes before maturing of seeds closer to the basis, and to elimination vernutsya in May of the next year.
Processing by glifosatsoderzhashchy herbicides is better for carrying out to the postharvest period – at the end of summer and in the autumn, when at long-term weeds intensively nakaplivayutsya nutrients in root system. Effect of herbicide in the form of a pozhelteniye, a pobureniye and an usykhaniye of leaves of weeds is shown usually in 10-14 days, and on rogoze and a cane – in 20 days. Obyorabotannye sites are almost free from weeds within 1,5-2 months. Then the second wave of weeds begins.
Machining of the soil can be carried out in 6-10 days after spraying or at a poyavleyoniya of signs of action of a preparation.
(On magazine materials Protection and quarantine of plants).