In article wintering wreckers who are found according to inspection of gardens AR Crimea are listed. Also here recommendations about methods of fight against them are made. Names of preparations, with the indication of norms of an expense for pest control on fruit crops are provided.
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According to materials of autumn inspection of gardens, the considerable wintering stock of such wreckers as is revealed: tick, plant louse, listovertka, silkworms, geometrids, deaf adders, Californian shchitovka. Considering that their wintering stages are adapted for the long frosty period as winter in dense cocoons under a bark, on a soil surface under fallen leaves or in the soil.
According to available data the absolute minimum of temperatures for separate types makes: for a red fruit tick – (eggs from the bottom party of escapes winter)-35 0S;
pear listobloshka – (the imago winters, in bark crevices)-35 0S; at-2,-3 the exit from diapauzy can begin;
yablonny listobloshka – (the imago in bark crevices winters) to–35 0S;
blood plant louse – (larvae of 1-2 age on apple-tree roots winter) to–35 0S,
the gray pochkovy weevil and yablonny cvetoed – successfully winter under our conditions;
the plam plodozhorka – (the caterpillar in the lower part of a crown winters, to 15 cm of a surface of the soil) – and in the absence of snow cover and temperature below-10 degrees can be lost to 60 % of individuals.
Thus, fall of daily average air temperatures to-25 and-30 0S doesn’t affect perniciously a condition of rewintering of the main wreckers and causative agents of diseases.
Fruit-trees also not strongly suffer from January frosts as the fruit kidney during this period of time is in a condition of deep rest. Cultures (especially domestic grades of an apple-tree and a pear) maintain Semechkovye long fall of temperature to-30 0S without wood damages whereas kidneys start to perish at-20 –22 0S, can be lost to 50 % of kidneys.
Kostochkovye breeds (especially an apricot) are more sensitive to frosts: wood is damaged at-23 –25 0S, and kidneys at-18 –19 0S, the death of 50 % of kidneys is possible. It is desirable for scrap of semechkovy cultures to carry out after preliminary determination of percent of victims of kidneys for what it is necessary to analyse not less than 100 kidneys on in advance cut off escapes after their contents in glass vessels with water in a warm room. The special attention should be turned on a pestle condition. It is desirable for scrap of kostochkovy cultures to carry out to the flowering period.
Considering the foregoing, in system of protection of fruit crops every two years it is necessary to provide carrying out to a wound – spring processings (on a sleeping kidney, at the end of February the beginning of March). To carry out to a wound – spring spraying follows at daily average air temperature + 5 0S and above, the following preparations: DNOK of 40 % of river p, with norm of an expense on an apple-tree, a pear of 15 kg, on an apricot, a peach, sweet cherry, a cherry of 10 kg; the Preparation No. 30 In k.e., with norm of an expense on an apple-tree of 60 liters on hectare, on sweet cherry of 60 liters.
In agricultural enterprises where it is enough DNOKa 40 % of river p, or Preparation No. 30 In k.e, processing should be made one-percentage DNOKom with addition 3 – 4 percentage Preparations of No. of 30 Century.
At work with pesticides it is necessary to observe safety measures.
L.Alekseeva, main agriculturist of the State station of protection of plants of ARK, S. Kindruk, manager. laboratory of forecasts and diagnostics.