In article there is a speech about subtropical culture – a kiwi. The grades of this plant which were widely adopted in the Crimea are listed.
VITAMIN "BOMB" In the CRIMEA
In recent years to a kiwi became very popular culture not only in New Zealand, Italy, France, Japan, Greece, Chile, but also in Ukraine, in particular, in the Crimea. Original fruits appeared in all supermarkets, in the markets, trading counters.
Interest to culture is caused by high quality and productivity of fruits, its stability to diseases and wreckers, possibility of the mechanized harvesting, ability of fruits to transfer long storage and transportations. Fruits of a kiwi are covered with a thin thin skin and trimmed dense brownish hairs, for what received the name of a vegetative mouse. Pulp of emerald-green color, fragrant, juicy, pleasant on taste. In fruits contains to 200mg vitamin C % that in 6 times is higher, than in pineapples and wild strawberry, in 5 times more, than in lemons and in 16 times more, than in apples. High biological value of fruits of a kiwi is defined by the content in them of vitamins B1, V2, A1 and compounds of calcium, phosphorus, iron. Delicate aroma give aldehydes and phenols, coloring – carotinoids and a chlorophyll.
To the Crimea saplings of 5 grades of a kiwi from New Zealand were delivered and planted on lands of savkhoza-plant of Livady where the branch of the Nizhnegorsky strong point on studying of subtropical cultures is located.
Plants of grade MONTI (Monty) represent a srednerosly liana with large, green leaves on long chereshka. Flower large, 5 petal, light-cream color, female. Fruits at the end of October – the beginning of November ripen. Fruits light– brown, an ovate-roundish form. Mass of a fruit of 50-70 g, average height to 5 cm, width 3,5sm. The thin skin dense, when maturing well separates about pulp. Pulp of green color, gentle, fragrant, it is sweet – sourish. The consumer maturity comes in December. Stability to a drought – average. Monty’s grade in 2000 is brought in the State Register of grades of Ukraine suitable for distribution.
BRUNO (Bruno) – a silnorosly, fast-growing liana with large, green, oval leaves. Blossoms at the end of May – the beginning of June. A flower large to 6 cm, 5 petal, light-cream, female. Fruits quite one-dimensional, cylindrical, light brown, weight 60g. Pulp of green color, dense, fragrant, harmonious taste. Fruits are used as fresh, and in the form of mashed potatoes, jam, jams, drinks. The grade is poorly steady against a drought.
The ABBEY (Abbot) – a srednerosly liana with large, green leaves. A flower large, whitish and cream, female, are located odinochno. Flowering passes in the end of May – the beginning of June. Fruits light-brown, an ovate-roundish form, it is sweet – sour, fragrant, average weight 60-70g. Average height of a fruit to 5 cm, width to 3,5 see. The consumer maturity comes at the end of December.
HEYVARD (Hayward) – a grade of late term of maturing. Fruits large, shirokoovalny, flat from sides. Coloring of fruits olive-brown, with dense silky omission. Mass of fruits from 80 to 106g. The grade differs high flavoring qualities and strong aroma. Fruits are well stored. Flower the female.
Kiwi – a plant dvudomny therefore at a laying of a plantation for horoyoshy pollination it is recommended to land man’s and female plants in the ratio 1: 5-6 (i.e. 1 man’s plant on 5-6 female. As an opyyolitel use grade TOMURI – a silnorosly liana with mass of darkly green oval leaves. A flower large, functionally tychinochny (man’s), 5,5-6 cm in diameter, are located on one, is more often on 2-3 together. Blossoms at the end of May – the beginning of June. Duration of flowering of 1 flower of 4-5 days – plants of 5-10 days.
These grades were widely adopted at amateur gardeners of YuBK in Sudaksky, Bakhchsarai, Black Sea areas, in the cities of Sevastopol and Feodosiya.
In an autonomy the technology of cultivation of a kiwi in the conditions of the Southern coast of the Crimea is developed . The Nikitsky botanical garden fulfilled technology of processing of fruits of a kiwi when manufacturing compotes and mashed potatoes, the technology of vegetative reproduction and cultivation of plants of a kiwi with the closed root system is fulfilled.
In the conditions of the Crimea at plants of a kiwi it is not revealed diseases and the wreckers, causing a damage of an elevated part or root system. Therefore plants aren’t processed yadoximikatami and fruits represent pure ecological selskoxozyajstvennyjprodukt. Culture of a kiwi – labor-consuming at cultivation as grapes, but at observance of necessary technology of its cultivation the crop of valuable fruits will surely make notable profit.
K.Voronova, leading agriculturist of the State center of examination of grades of plants of AR Crimea.