The publication about last International congress Biodiesel 2007, taken place in Moscow on which the problem was sharply put: whether it is necessary to process vegetable oil in biodiesel fuel?
Experts consider that as soon as scientists and technologists will offer a cheap way of production of bioethanol and a biodiesel engine of any antagonism between consumers in fuel and the food at all won’t be.
DIFFICULT CHOICE: OR FUEL PRODOVOLSTVEI
On the International congress Biodiesel 2007, taken place in Moscow, was rather sharply put a problem: whether it is necessary to process vegetable oil in biodiesel fuel if import of food vegetable oils to Russia reached 1125 thousand tons?
This difficult dilemma in connection with quite sharp rise in prices for the food is characteristic not only for Russia, but also for other countries.
EU instruction on replacement by 2010 of 5,75 percent of mineral motor fuel affects biofuel as well as plans to increase production of a biodiesel engine in the world till 2020 with 7 to 23 million t.
In the USA more major problem is put: by same year to replace with biofuel of 30 percent of all oil.
At meeting of the congress it was said that in Russia because of the situation which has developed in the market of the food and essential rise in prices for vegetable oil and grain, plans on construction of plants of a biodiesel engine and bioethanol too will be slowed down. According to experts of NPK "Ecology", some projects are already paid, but aren’t realized. The whole matter is in that, scientists of the Kuban state technological university explain that when projects prepared, rape oil costed 9-10 rubles for liter, and now its price jumped up to 26-30 rubles. The holiday price of diesel fuel is almost twice cheaper. Large producers of rape oil plan to realize it for export.
In Russia splash in the prices already forces to speak about suspending implementation of projects on production of biofuel. Nevertheless, the very next day after congress end the speaker of the State Duma Boris Grizlov, the Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation Alexey Gordeyev, the president of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaymiev held meeting on alternative power sources in Kazan, and deputy Andrey Kokomin considers that it is necessary to create the national Biotoplivo program in short terms, to provide and take the measures stimulating his production and consumption.
What prevents to accept the national program on bio-energetics development in Russia? Acting the congress said that, as well as in developed countries, it is necessary to develop measures of the state support of bio-energetics, to include in the law About energy saving the relevant amendments concerning production of biofuel. Creation of workplaces in bioeconomy in 20 times is cheaper, than in oil refining, capacities are cheaper in 4 times. Also on the congress it was noted that in Russia there are huge possibilities for production of biofuel, and, first of all, 20 million hectares of not used arable land. Production of the same rape can be increased several times, to sate and the market of food oils, to be engaged in export deliveries and processing to a biodiesel engine. Even replacement of 5 percent of oil motor fuel with biofuel will raise country gross domestic product on 100 billion roubles. The biofuel market in the world is already estimated at 150 billion, and biopharmaceutics – in 50 billion dale. USA. The century of bioeconomy not to stop, but to be late for this market it is possible. It is necessary to consider and the economic side of the problem: reduction of emission of hotbed gases and harmful substances, especially such dangerous, according to professor M. Pletnev from the Moscow state academy of thin chemical technology, as dioxine, dibenzofurany, the aromatic connections which are forming at combustion of diesel fuel of oil, reducing immunity of the person, having cancerogenic and mutagen effect even in small concentration. For a biodiesel engine it isn’t characteristic.
Russia in 2008 will begin to introduce the quality standards corresponding to EURO-3 at oil refining. Fuel prices will inevitably raise.
But to count only on successful market conditions it is impossible. It is necessary to oblige, as it is made in the European countries and in the USA, to use a biodiesel engine or pure oil as additives, to involve in development of innovative technologies in bio-energetics of scientists and the chemical industry, to represent preferences to producers. To 20 percent of a biodiesel engine it is necessary to add in ordinary fuel that will improve ecology in the large cities and lubricant characteristics of fuel.
Ecological requirements to fuel become tougher everywhere. For this reason the largest foreign oil companies "Shell", "British Petroleum", the power giant "General Elektrik" put considerable means in ecological projects. Cars with low fuel consumption and considerable decrease in emissions, with hybrid engines successfully create in Germany.
Experts predict that as soon as scientists and technologists will offer a cheap way of production of bioethanol and a biodiesel engine from cellulose and other biomass, no antagonism between consumers in fuel and the food at all will exist. But further development of branch will depend on advantage of export deliveries, a biofuel demand the domestic market, extents of the state support of innovative technologies.
On newspaper materials Rural life.