In article consultation of the State inspection of protection of plants of ARK on spring protection of gardens is presented. Recommendations about necessary works and preparations for chemical processing of trees are made.
During the early spring period protection of fruit crops is directed on destruction of wreckers and causative agents of the diseases being in a phase of winter rest.
What works should be spent at this time?
The first that it is necessary to make – to cut out the dried-up and damaged branches infected with larvae of wreckers, and mushroom diseases. Cuts smooth out and cover with the oil paint prepared on drying oil.
Then it is necessary to carry out treatment of wounds on a bark of trunks and the main boughs formed from having broken, morozoboin, the damages put with rodents. Wounds protect and disinfect 1 percent solution of a copper vitriol.
Kostochkovye breeds (especially an apricot) are more sensitive to frosts. Wood is damaged at temperature from-23 to – 250S, and at-18 – - 190S the death to 50 % of kidneys is possible.
It is desirable for scrap of kostochkovy cultures to carry out to the flowering period.
Semechkovye cultures (especially domestic grades of an apple-tree and a pear) maintain long fall of temperature to – 300S without wood damages whereas kidneys start to perish at frosts from-20 to – 220S: can be lost to 50 % of kidneys.
Semechkovy it is desirable for scrap to carry out after preliminary determination of percent of victims of kidneys for what it is necessary to analyse a condition not less than 100 kidneys on in advance cut off escapes after their contents in glass vessels with water and in a warm room. The special attention should be turned on a pestle condition.
According to autumn inspection of gardens the considerable stock of wintering phases of wreckers is revealed: yaytsekladok of pincers, plant louses, listovertok, silkworms, geometrids. Wintering their stages are adapted for the frosty long period as winter in dense cocoons under a bark, on a soil surface, under fallen leaves or in general in the soil.
According to literary data, the absolute minimum of temperatures for separate types makes:
– for a red fruit tick (eggs from the bottom party of escapes winter) to – 350S;
– a pear and yablonny listobloshka (the imago in bark crevices) to – 350S, at temperature from – 20S can begin an exit from diapauzy;
– for a blood plant louse – (larvae of 1-2 age on apple-tree roots) to – 350S;
– for the gray pochkovy weevil and yablonny cvetoeda – successfully winter under our conditions;
– for a plam plodozhorka – (the caterpillar in the lower part of a crown), in the absence of snow cover winters and than temperature is lower – 100S can be lost to 60 % of individuals.
Thus, fall of daily average air temperatures to-25 or – 300S, doesn’t affect perniciously rewintering of the main wreckers and causative agents of diseases.
Considering the foregoing, in all gardens it is necessary to carry out chemical processing before blooming of kidneys DNOKom or a preparation No. 30V. The stock of wintering stages of pathogens after it decreases in 2-3 times.
Preventive combined chemical processing DNOKa of 40 % of genitive with a preparation No. 30V to. e. it is necessary to carry out on all cultures not more often than once in 2-3 years with observance of daily average air temperature +50S and above when development of wintering phases of wreckers begins.
We recommend to apply:
DNOK of 40 % of genitive with norm of an expense: on an apple-tree, a pear, a quince – <st1:metricconverter ProductID = 15 kg w:st = on> 15 kg </st1:metricconverter> on hectare,
on an apricot, a peach, plum, sweet cherry, a cherry – 10 kg/hectares.
Preparation No. 30V k.e. with norm of an expense: on an apple-tree and sweet cherry – 60 l/hectares and vineyards – 12-36 l/hectares.
In agricultural enterprises where it is enough these preparations, it is necessary to carry out the combined processings one-percentage DNOKom with three-four percentage preparation No. 30é to. e.
At work with pesticides follows a soblyudattekhnik of safety.
V. Permyakov, chief of the State inspection of protection of plants of ARK, <o:p> </o:p>
L.Alekseeva, deputy chief-head of department of the HSZR organization. <o:p> </o:p>