In article it is told about what should be known upon purchase of a seed material for receiving stable and big crops. Besides, it is noted that quality of a seed material should correspond to the requirement of State standard of Ukraine.
High-quality, seed qualities and fruitful properties in the course of cultivation of plants and seeds uxudshayutsya as a result:
• mechanical and biological contamination;
• splittings;
• emergence of mutants;
• defeats by diseases;
• influences of an ecological depression.
The listed reasons of decrease in high-quality kayochestvo of seeds are possible at long razmnozheyoniya of grades.
It is necessary to know that for receiving stable and vysoyoky crops it is necessary to carry out:
• sortoobnovleniye;
• periodic replacement of seeds of old reprodukyotsiya by elite or first reproduction.
Buying seeds, it is necessary to turn vnimayony on indicators of quality of seeds in spetsializiroyovanny documents. High-quality seeds of selskokhozyayyostvenny cultures are subdivided into the following kayotegoriya:
• original seeds (OS) – seeds of primary links the seed farmings received by posleyodovatelny selection of genealogical plants and ocenki of their following generations with a view of a vosproizvodyostvo and preservation of a grade;
• elite seeds (ES) – the seeds received from posyoledovatelny reproduction of original seeds which most fully transfer hereditary signs and properties of a grade and on high-quality and posevyony qualities correspond to Gosudaryostvennogo’s requirements of a standard of elite;
• reproductive seeds (RS13) – the first – the third reproductions, RSD – the fourth and the further reyoproduktsiya received from resowing of elite seeds;
• hybrid seeds (PC) – the seeds received from crossing of genetically different plants (rodiyotelsky forms).
Gosstandart of Ukraine of 2240-93 (DSTU) within each of categories (OS, and PC) are defined by ES dopuyostimy levels of high-quality purity, defeat boleznyami, and also sowing qualities: purity of seeds, vsxozhesti, humidity, etc. (see the table).
Questions concerning trade settlement semenami are accurately established by the Law of Ukraine About seeds and a landing material.
So, production and realization:
• original seeds carry out scientific issledovatelskie institutions;
• elite seeds and parental forms osushhestvlyayut elite and seed-growing farms scientific issledovatelskix institutes and selskokhozyaystvenyony higher educational institutions which are entered in the State register of farms – proizvoditeyoly a seed and landing material.
The specified Law it is authorized to carry out a vyrashchiyovaniye and realization of reproductive seeds, gibridov the first generation to special semenovodchesyoky farms, collective agricultural enterprises and farms on rezultatam the certification which has been carried out by regional upravleyoniy of agricultural industry.
Documents on seeds
Seed qualities establish in laboratories of regional gossemeninspektsiya by results analizov the selected tests which have been carried out according to deystvuyoyushchy State standards.
Gossemeninspektsiya issues the following documents:
• the certificate of a konditsionnost of seeds, if seed party on all indicators of quality sootvetstvuet to requirements of a standard and prednaznachena for intraeconomic use;
• the certificate on seeds of Ukraine on party of the konyoditsionny seeds intended for a realizayotsiya within Ukraine;
• result of the analysis of seeds on a nekonditsionnost on any indicator of seeds. In the document ukazyvaetsya, on what indicator seeds not sootvetstvuyut DSTU 2240-93 also is given the recommendation otnoyositelno improvements of seeds if it is possible, or their replacements by others, konditsionny.
Acts of approbation and the certificate of a konditsionnost of seeds are primary documents in which data on high-quality and seed qualities of the seeds received experimentally are provided. They yavlyayutsya the basis for other high-quality documents.
Parties of original and elite seeds for a realiyozatsiya are accompanied by the certificate on seeds, in the kotoyory all high-quality qualities on the basis of the act of approbation and seed qualities on the basis of an udosyotovereniye about a konditsionnost of the seeds, given out by a raygossemeninspektsiya are specified.
On reproductive seeds the svidetelyyostvo on seeds in which indicators of soryotovy qualities under the act of approbation and seed qualities according to the certificate of a konditsionnost of seeds are given stands out.
Parties of reproductive seeds which didn’t pass the analysis in control and seed laboratories, soprovozhdayutsya the high-quality certificate, which vypisyvaetsya on the basis of the approbation act.
Parties of hybrid seeds of corn, sunflower from sites of hybridization are accompanied by a svidetelyyostvo on hybrid seeds. It is filled on an osyonovaniye of the act of field inspection of a site of a gibriyodizatsiya, the act of ambarny approbation (corn) and sertifikata on seeds of Ukraine.
Accompanying documents are written out by the agriculturist, the head signs, and they are fastened pechatyu farms – the producer of seeds. All columns should be filled.
Parties of seeds which are realized out of Ukyoraina’s limits, should have the certificate of quality of a mezhdunayorodny sample.
Standards of quality of seeds of grain and krupyany crops (DSTU 2240-93)
List of documents
1. The law No. 411 – the Law of Ukraine from 26.12.02 of No. 411 – IV About seeds and a landing material.
2. DSTU 2240-93 – the order of Gosstandart of Ukraine from 09.09.93 of No. 126 Seeds of crops. High-quality and sowing qualities.