In article injuriousness of the grain ground beetle on grain crops is described. Stages of development of this bug are shown. Recommendations about fight against this wrecker are provided.
Damages wheat, the rye, oats, rice, the corn, causes the greatest harm to winter wheat
Damages wheat, the rye, oats, rice, the corn, causes the greatest harm to winter wheat.
Bug of resinous-black color. Short moustaches and pads red-brown, wing sheaths convex, length of a body the 12-16th. Larvae whitish-gray or greenish with the dark-brown head and chest segments. Bugs and larvae harm.
Larvae of different age on depth the 20-40th winter. Can winter and bugs. A food of larvae lasts in the spring 5-7 weeks. Okuklivaniye occurs on depth the 20-70th. Bugs appear in formation of grain of winter wheat and others grain, and in large quantities – a phase of dairy ripeness and eat grain prior to the beginning of cleaning.
Injuriousness of bugs is shown in damage zavyazi grains. One bug can damage during the season till 50-60 grains. Besides, they beat out a lot of intact grain from ears, but bigger harm to the winter is put after all by larvae. They eat round young leaves since the period of two-three leaflets to a kushcheniye phase. The damaged plants have a characteristic izmochalenny appearance. Injuriousness depends on number and age structure of larvae, and also a phase of development of plants.
In hot droughty years they hide to the soil on depth the 10-50th where are in a condition summer diapauzy. Eggs postpone in August to the soil for depth 5sm. One female postpones 50-70 eggs, is maximum – 270. the otrozhdeniye of larvae is observed since the end of August before frosts. Eat in night, since the beginning a padalitsa, and after shoots grain before temperature fall to 0oS. Throughout summer develops in one generation.
For prevention of reproduction of the grain ground beetle prime value has crop rotation observance, reduction of a share of sternevy predecessors under winter wheat to 5-10 %, timely harvesting with the smallest losses, fruit drop destruction, crops in the second half of optimum terms. At number of larvae in shoots of 1-2 pieces/sq.m or 2-3ÞÔ/sq.m in a phase of the third leaf – kushcheniye spray Bazudin, Enzhio, Nurel D, the Parachute and other resolved insecticides. At a protravlivaniye of seeds from causative agents of diseases, Promet’s insecticidal protravitel of 400 SC (2½/t) or the Boundary add, 400 % k.e. (2½/t). For increase in productivity, growth and development stimulation on initial phases, increases of stability to wreckers, diseases and adverse environmental conditions processing of seeds by growth regulators – Agrostimulin, Vermistim-K, Gumiam, Dorsay, Endofit of L1, Immunotsitofit, Linosol, Mars-1, Mars – At, Marsel, Reastim and others is expedient.
(On magazine materials Quarantine and protection of plants).