In the publication it is a question of decrease in straw for production of heat and obtaining energy in special coppers. Researchers and practicians work over technologies which will give the chance to burn straw together with coal. New technologies confirmed economic and ecological efficiency: emissions of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur decreased for 40 %, decrease in emissions of CO2 will make 3,95 million tons
"Biomass", energy potential of straw in Ukraine makes 2,4 million. Tons at. T. In a year. Use of this potential will give the chance to establish in Ukraine over 11 thousand Solomoszhigayemykh of coppers of 0,1-1 MWt at the same time with about 700 coppers for the centralized heat supply.
In Soviet period cases when in a harvest-time burned straw often took place. Such country "initiative" was suspended by the Verkhovna Rada: the relevant resolution forbade similar practice for reasons of fire safety.
It is possible to burn down straw! But only in coppers
At school of the village of Vakhnivk that on Vinnichchin, in the winter warmly. Though the village isn’t installed gas. And with supply of firm fuel too there are interruptions. And the building of school is heated … by straw. Here it is established last year a copper of the Danish-Ukrainian production. The similar device in capacity of 980 kW works in the village Thrushes of Kiev region (see tab. 4).
In economical Europe straw burning for production of heat in special coppers long ago not a rarity. Nevertheless in this case there is one complexity: straw can be used only locally. Its transportation to industrial facilities economically isn’t favorable.
The Kyoto Protocol became a push to development
Biomass burning in special coppers for obtaining energy is already widespread in many countries. Especially in Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands. In the USA only in 1995 it was started in operation of 360 such installations. Their capacity makes about 6170 MWt, annual development of the electric power on them – 36 billion kWh.
After signing in 1997 of the Kyoto Protocol, to questions of obtaining energy from a biomass began to give in the world even more attention. So, near the Maas River in 1999 it was built TETs greatest in Europe which works at a biomass (to a tree, a waste from a carving wood and green cuttings down). In 2000 it is no far from Rome construction of similar TETs in capacity of 10 MWt was begun, the decision on TETs construction on straw around Zeedorf (Germany) is made.
Researchers and practicians work over technologies which will give the chance to burn straw together with coal. In particular, in Europe for a long time left a phase of experiments. There the biomass already practically works for production.
In Austria at Zeltweg and Andrae power plants recently constructed demonstration installations for joint burning of a biomass with coal. In England the power unit in capacity of 240 MWt on TETs Alholmens where use peat, a wood waste of power-saw benches and forest areas together with coal also is maintained.
Straw burning with coal
In Denmark the Tech-wise A/S firm introduced at Studstrup power plant technology of the general burning of straw with coal. It is fulfilled on the power unit from 1995 to 1998, and trial operation of the block confirmed economic and ecological efficiency of new technology: emissions of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur decreased for 40 %, lime expenses for clarification of sulfur decreased approximately by 15 %.
The mentioned Danish firm took part in design of the installation first in the USA for the general burning of millet and coal. The URALVTI company (Russia) developed offers concerning coal burning together with a waste of the flour-grinding industry (25 % on heat) on one of Chelyabenergo’s thermal power plant that will give the chance to reduce CO2 emissions considerably.
In Ukraine superlarge supplies of a biomass
Potential resources of surplus of straw and stalks make about 21 million tons, or 10,1 million tons in a year. Such indicator in 25 times exceeds expenses agricultural enterprises of boiler fuel and in 3,4 times – fuel expenses rural boiler rooms.
Total potential resources of a waste of a tree, firewood and surplus of technological wood make about 7,6 million m3 that 2,02 million tons u.t are equivalent. (conditional fuel – the Edition) By estimates of experts, in Ukraine unused resources of wood make about 2,9 million m3 or 0,75 million tons in u.t. for a year. The most part from them – forestry waste, sub-standard wood materials and technological the wood which preparation isn’t conducted in the absence of demand, at the woodworking enterprises – a waste of wood and a bark.
The biomass for burning with coal can be grown up specially. It can be fast-growing wood generate or plants which give a lot of weight of straw.
This year in Ukraine such experiment with an elephant grass is already introduced.
Development plans of municipal services of Ukraine provided the organization of deep processing of a firm household waste with withdrawal of secondary raw material material resources. The organization of production of fuel briquettes from the sorted waste in volume to 4,1 million tons that 1,88 million tons u.t are equivalent is thus possible. in a year.
Ukraine has enough stocks of coal. Only the reconnoitered make 117,6 billion tons that can provide power needs of the country, at least, for the next 50 years.
(The termination in No. 38).