In article recommendations about protection of crops winter grain during the winter and spring period are made. Preparations for pest control are listed. For increase of efficiency of processing of crops from diseases and weeds lateral mixes of application of pesticides are given.
Fight for future crop of winter grain crops
Traditionally there was an opinion that the winter – a rest time at peasants, however it doesn’t represent the facts.
At present at a sufficient vlagoobespecheniye which is available now, and sharp difference of a temperature mode of air and the soil during the winter and spring period, diseases of winter crops will be shown more intensively. Now defeat of crops root gnilyami in average degree in farms of Lenin, May Day, Razdolnensky, Black Sea areas is revealed. Initial manifestation on winter wheat of mealy dew, a brown sheet rust is noted, on winter barley is revealed gelmintosporioz.
From above-mentioned diseases the greatest fear is caused by the root decayed, as in the centers of their manifestation at plants emergence of secondary root system is noted.
For improvement of plants and the soil, in the presence of an infection and establishment of a temperature mode + 7oS – +8oS, we recommend to carry out processings by preparations Fundazol of 50 %-0,5 kg/hectares. At temperature +14-16os preparations: Impakt 25 % of page of the item, Alto-super of 33 % k.e., Amistar Extra 280 k.s., Derozal k.s., Rex of 49 % k.e., Tilt 250 k.e.-0,5 l/hectares (these preparations of a wide range of action, that is are applied against a complex of diseases).
Inspections of crops showed, population by the grain ground beetle at present as a whole on the Republic is revealed on the area of 70 thousand hectares the greatest areas winter, are populated with the grain ground beetle in farms: Dzhankoyskogo-28 %, Krasnogvardeyskogo-19 of %, Nizhnegorskogo-of 26 %, Simferopol-21 %, Sakskogo-18 of %.
Considering features of the Crimean winters, with a periodic drowning injuriousness of the ground beetle can proceed. As in warm winters of a larva of the wrecker continue to damage plants at soil temperature above 0oS. Therefore, to agricultural producers of all forms of ownership, it is necessary to take under special control raw, but the populated areas of winter crops this wrecker.
Against the grain ground beetle at an economic threshold of injuriousness (EPV 0,5-1ݬº/sq.m), it is necessary to hold protective events preparations on shoots: Bazudin 600 century e. at norm of an expense of 1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Diazinon k.e. 1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Diazol 60 century e. – 1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Parachute 450 mk.s 0,5-0,75 l/hectares, Practician k.e.-1,5-1,8 l/hectares; on vegetation: Damascus century e.-1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Nurell D k.e.-0, 75-1,0 l/hectares, Dragoon k.e.-1,2 l/hectares, Fostran k.e.-1,5 l/hectares, Cyclone k.e.-0,1-0,15 l/hectares.
There was also favorable situation of settling of crops winter myshevidny rodents. Injuriousness of mice will proceed all winter period.
Therefore it is very important to conduct systematically survey of crops and at an economic threshold of injuriousness 2-3¬½/hectare, 7-10 inhabited holes/hectares to apply the following preparations: Rodenfos 3 grams in a hole, Rat death of 10-30 grams in a hole, Brodisan And 3 grams in a hole, Varat of G of 5-10 grams in a hole, Wetar of 15 grams in a hole, Stutoks of 5-10 kg/hectares, and other preparations according to the List ….
And also, for processing of crops of winter crops against mice production of a biological product "Baktorodentsid", according to demands of agricultural enterprises is adjusted in:
– JSC SHP "Field" Evpatoria
Contact phone (269) 5-28-63. Price of 5,7 UAH. with the VAT
– Republican station of protection of plants
Simferopol, bodies 63-25-02. price 4.0 + grain.
Availability of moisture in a blanket of the soil will promote a contamination weeds to 90 % of the areas of winter crops of a crop of the current year.
At insufficient protection of crops of grain crops against weed vegetation agricultural producers lose 10-20 % of a crop, and on very littered areas of loss increase in 1,5-2 times.
Weeds in an early phase of development when their suppression needs the minimum dose of a preparation are most sensitive to herbicides. The maximum dose is used in that case when on fields types steady against herbicides or the weeds being in late phases of development prevail.
If prevail:
annual two-submultiple weeds – crops are necessary for processing at the beginning of a kushcheniye;
the long-term korneotpryskovy – in a phase of a full kushcheniye;
long-term cereal and korneotpryskovy – before crops;
A large amount of herbicides is applied to fight against weed vegetation, their range is constantly improved and there are more effective.
To apply herbicides it is necessary on the basis of cards of an operative contamination of fields taking into account economic thresholds of injuriousness of weeds, placement of cultures in a crop rotation and their economic use, to be guided thus by selection of preparations taking into account sensitivity of separate types of weeds and crops.
On winter grain spraying by herbicides is necessary for carrying out, since the most developed crops and to carry out to an exit winter to a tube. In the conditions of cool spring at decrease in temperatures to +100S introduction of preparations on the basis of 2,4 D will be not effective, therefore it is desirable to process softer herbicides on a basis tribenuronmetila – 75 %, which highly effective at the lowered temperatures, since +50S (Granstar of 75 % of century of, granstar About century of, an atlant of century of, terrible EL of, gersotil century of, mercury of century of, the sheriff of century of). It is not recommended to carry out processing of the cultural plants being in a stressful condition (one-stage influence of an external factor – frosts, a drought), preparations on a basis metsulfuron-marked 60 % (gerbilan item page, laren 60 % of page of the item, laren About century of, a magnum of EL of, laroks v.r.g., battle ship of century of, metas item page, saracin item page, range of page of the item) . If temperature +180S and more, on the developed crops it is possible to bring any preparation, including and on the basis of 2,4 D.Tak zhe it is possible to use herbicides containing in the structure dikambu (dialen super, dikamba forte, difezan). Processing by herbicides, cultural plants being in the weakened condition (after the winter period) it is recommended to carry out with addition of growth factors (Emistim, Mars, Vermisol and others). It will soften a stressful condition of a cultural plant after processing by herbicide.
Perspective reception is application of lateral mixes of the herbicides, actions possessing wider range for example, joint application of cross-country + in polovinny doses (70 ml/hectares + 10 úÓ/hectare) allows to destroy granstar to 90 % of a sow-thistle and to 85 % of a bindweed field, at that time, at separate application are effective no more, than for 50 %.
For increase of efficiency of processing of crops from diseases and weeds, we recommend to use the combined mixes of herbicides on the basis of two-three active ingredients (lateral mixes) and fungicida.
These mixes will promote not only to suppression of weeds, but also such diseases as mealy dew, a rust, septorioz, root decayed, gelmintosporioz.
The cowboy of 40 % of century of river (60 ml/hectares) + Granstar of 75 %, century of (10 ml/hectares) +Alto 400SC century to. (0,15-0,2½/hectare);
Cross-country of 16,4 %, century of (50 ml/hectares) + Granstar of 75 %, century of (10 ml/hectares) + Impakt of 25 %, k.s. (0,5 kg/hectares);
Lintur of 70 %, century of (75 g/hectares) + Mercury of century of (10 úÓ/hectare) + Fundazol of 50 % for item page (0,5 kg/hectares);
Logran of 75 %, century of (6 g/hectares) + Banvel of 4S 480 SL.v. river to. (0,15 l/hectares) +Reks T since page (0,5-0,75 kg/hectares);
Banvel of 4S 480 SL.v. river to. (0,15 l/hectares) + Laren of 60 % for item page (5 úÓ/hectare) + Topsin of M of page of the item (1,0 kg/hectares). Bakovye should prepare mixes of a preparation directly ahead of processing.
Such approach gives the chance to expand a range of action of preparations and to reduce norms of use of active ingredients without loss of biological and economic efficiency and decrease in pesticidal loading. Besides, compound of different herbicides (active ingredients) doesn’t cause emergence of stability of weeds to herbicide.
V. Permyakov, chief of the State station of protection of plants of ARK, L.Alekseev, main agriculturist.