To interview to the chief of the State center of examination of grades of plants of AR Crimea A.K.Zakalichna there is a professional conversation on the main component of a crop – grades and high-quality preparation of seeds.
STILL there is TIME
In the current year, on supervision of scientists, in the soil not enough moisture is saved up, and for obtaining the planned productivity the choice of grades of summer cultures will gain paramount value.
In conversation with the adviser-organizer of the Simferopol UKO of Century Ryabukhoy chief of the State center of examination of grades of plants of AR Crimea state inspectorates for protection of the rights to grades of plants of AR Crimea A.K. Hardening in detail told about what to be guided at a choice for crops.
V. Ryabukh: Anna Konstantinovna, old truth says: from a bad seed don’t wait for a good tribe …
A.Zakalochnaya: You are absolutely right. A grade of plants – the unique control facility productivity of crops which up to the end isn’t settled. A grade – a basis of economy of a zernoproizvodstvo. Having improved use of genetic possibilities of grades available in production and hybrids, it is possible to increase production of gross output of plant growing considerably. In crop structure a grade and seeds – one of the main components. From a grade all technology today "dances". Unfortunately, quite often heads and experts, trying to "please" whimsical market condition, recklessly catch at the advertized grades of foreign selection which didn’t pass under our conditions the corresponding test. As a result essential losses.
It is necessary to remember that its existence in the State Register should be the most important criterion at a choice of this or that grade. Still there is time to make a right choice of grades of such cultures, as barley summer, oats, sunflower, a rape summer, flax olive, a coriander, mustard.
River of Century. In our grain wedge summer barley occupies one of leading places after wheat, as fodder and brewing culture. What grades are most expedient for growing up in the conditions of the Crimea from the economic point of view?
A.Zakalichnaya. We recommend for cultivation a universal grade of summer barley of Vakul, and also Helios, Pivdenny relating to brewing, for fodder production are valuable grades Staker and Adapt. It is necessary to notice that Vakul’s grade is today the basic in Ukraine, and also is brought in the Register of grades of plants of Russia.
By estimates of scientists, domestic brewing grades of barley it is better European. But often they don’t give good raw materials for other reasons: only at productivity over 40 c/hectares the content of protein will be low, and an ekstraktivnost high. I consider that the problem of brewing barley in the Crimea should be solved an agrotechnical way.
River of Century. In home shopping service throughout the long period cost of oats doesn’t fall below 3 úÓ¡./hectare that almost twice exceeds cost of one kg of wheat or barley. What grades of oats can give high productivity, provide saturation of the market and to these to lower its market cost?
A.K. Grades recommended by us can successfully consult with this task Chernigov 27, Chernigov 28.
The river of Century It is known that the Crimean field husbandry needs receiving vegetable protein for development of cattle-breeding branches at the expense of cultures drought-resistant and more adapted for our conditions, such, for example, as nut.
A.K.As to nuta, this culture really drought-resistant, technological, releasing a field in August that creates conditions for preparation of the soil for sowing of the winter. Recommended grades of the Odessa selection: Antya, Pegasus, Triumph, Lugansk selection: Dobrobut, Colour, Ornament.
River of Century. Recently retail prices for sunflower oil considerably raised. In comparison with February, 2007 of the price increased in 2,4 times (with 5 úÓ¡./l to 12 úÓ¡./l).
Scientific landowners as measures for increase of productivity of sunflower recommend expansion of the areas under early ripening and ultra early ripening varieties and hybrids that gives the chance, somewhat to leave from approach of "peak" of a heat during crop formation (a phase of flowering and naliva). That you recommend for the solution of these tasks.
A.K.Sunflower – the main olive culture in Ukraine. Thanks to high profitability (120 % at productivity of seeds of 10-15 c/hectares) it is sowed on the area of 3,5 million/hectares across Ukraine, in the Crimea – more than on 30 thousand hectares. Such saturation of crops in crop rotations led to that the sunflower comes back to a former place of cultivation in 3-4 years instead of the recommended 8-10 years.
There is an infection accumulation. Chemical means of fight against diseases, such as fomopsis, various decayed, are inefficient, therefore it is possible to provide protection of plants with exclusively selection methods, that is creation tolerant to fomopsisu, white and gray decay of hybrids.
One of methods of fight against diseases introduction early and wounds of unripe hybrids which thanks to the accelerated vegetative period not only effectively use stocks of autumn and winter moisture, but also drought influence manage to avoid.
Today it is necessary to create a hybrid envelope of cultivation of sunflower in which early hybrids make – 20 %, early ripe – 50 %, sredneranny – 20 %, srenepozdny – 10 %.
Extremely intense competition in the market of hybrids of sunflower did obviously good to domestic selection. Along with containing big percent of oil appear hybrids of a special purpose.
From a set of offered grades we recommend the following:
The early: Canoe, Slavutich (Zaporozhye), Capture, Phlox, Syayvo (Odessa).
The early ripe: The announcement, Oliver 90 (Odessa), the last is steady to zarazixe and false muchnitoj to dew, the Etude (Kharkov), Zaporozhye 32 (Zaporozhye), Alison’s hybrid (France, Evralis Semans), the Typhoon (Rostov region).
Hybrids of new generation Rome and Rimisol (Yugoslavia, Novi the Garden) show stability to herbicides of continuous action. From last year new hybrids are entered into the Register, tolerant to fomopsisu – Rusich (Zapozhye) and Yason (Kharkov);
From new hybrids sredneranny maturing flu most suits the Crimean fields of the Gene (Yugoslavia), Milyutin (Gardens of Ukraine, Kharkov), Gelio’s KVS 03 (Germany), Terminator, Tesma (Novi the Garden);
Mid-season group – hybrids of LG 5634, LG 5660 (Sedeks, France), Macau (Maysadur Semans Frantsiya), Hortitsa (Novi the Garden), Sanay (France).
R.V.Raps gains in recent years strategic value for any state caring of the power independence and safety. It is a biodiesel engine and everything is told by it. What you recommend to our farmers from summer grades of a rape?
A.K. From summer grades of a rape we recommend the Acorus (Vinnytsia), the Magnate (Kiev region), the Ataman (Zaporozhye), the Terra (Germany).
R.V.Simferopolsky along with Belogorsky, Bakhchsarai, Krasnogvardeysky and May Day areas is considered optimum for cultivation perspective for us efiro-olive culture of a coriander. Products of its processing are necessary for our perfumery and cosmetic, medical industry, it is capable to compete in the international market.
A.K.Coriander – one of leading efiro-olive cultures. Seeds contain it to 1,2 % of essential oil. A coriander oil cake – a valuable component for a skarmlivaniye an animal. It isn’t especially exacting to heat, seeds start to sprout at temperature 6-80S. In a crop rotation a coriander place after winter or after propashny cultures. This culture needs fertilizers.
Recommended grades otselekcionirovany Institute efiromaslichny and herbs. All of them mid-season – Aydar, the Guarantor, Medun, Early, Amber.
R. V. Anna Konstantinovna in conclusion of our conversation tell some words about summer culture – mustard sareptsky and mustard white.
A.K.Both of a type of mustard are cultivated for the sake of seeds from which receive oil of high food value. Mustard can be grown up and as green fertilizer, and as fitiorsanitar soils. Mustard – a fine melliferous herb, concedes nothing on collecting and quality of honey to the best melliferous herb – fatseliya.
Recommended grades of mustard sareptsky: Mriya, Svitlan, Tavrichanka – selections of institute of olive cultures (Zaporozhye), mustard white – a grade the Standard (NNTs Institute of agriculture of UAAN, Shepherds of Kiev region, the Talisman (Zaporozhye).
It is far not the full list of the reliable and studied grades. On all arisen questions concerning them it is possible to receive information in Goseksperttsentra AR Crimea to the address: Simferopol, Kiyevskaya St., 73, t. 25-04-42.
Conversation was conducted by the adviser-organizer of the Simferopol UKO of Century RYABUXA.