In article there is a speech about a rape, as to valuable olive and fodder culture. It takes an important place in the solution of problems of a protein food of animals. The importance of this culture after creation of modern bezerukovy and nizkoglyukozinolatny grades especially raised.
Researches showed that use of a rape oil cake as a part of compound feeds increases dairy efficiency of cows and reduces costs of forages of a unit of production to 5-14 %.
A rape – valuable olive and fodder culture
Rape – valuable olive and fodder culture. Being a source of food oil and at the same time fodder protein, it takes an important place in the solution of problems of a protein food of animals. The importance of this culture after creation of modern bezerukovy and nizkoglyukozinolatny grades especially raised. A rape oil cake and shrot also are good suppliers of mineral substances. They surpass in the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and manganese soya shrot. Availability of calcium at them makes – 68 %, phosphorus – 75 %, magnesium – 62 %, manganese – 54 %, copper – 74 %, zinc – 44 %. Rape shrot contains a significant amount it is well-cared, Riboflavinum, folic acid and tiamina, but less pantotenovy acid in comparison with soya the shroty.
In North Caucasian scientific research institute of animal husbandry scientific and economic experiment on three groups of pigs was made. Animals of the first group served as control and received as a part of a diet sunflower shrot; as a part of compound feeds fed by an animal of the second group it was used rape shrot, in the third – rape zhmyx.* In the chart are provided daily average prirosty animal studied groups. Skarmlivaniye sunflower shrota allowed podsvinka of this group to increase the live weight with 18,6 to 100 kg, the gross gain of these animals made 81,4 kg, at costs of 4,40 kg of a forage of 1 kg of a gain of live weight. Skarmlivaniye rape shrota instead of the sunflower allowed to lower costs of forages of 1 kg of a gain of live weight to 4,25 kg. Podsvinki of the third group (animals received a rape oil cake) during experience (153 days) increased the live weight from 18,2 kg to 106,3 kg, costs of a forage of 1 kg of a gain decreased for 6,9 % in comparison with control group.
It is necessary to note that diets of young growth of pigs are badly balanced more often on limiting amino acids, macro – and to microcells, and also some water – and to fat-soluble vitamins (And, D and groups B). Zernozlakovye forages (generally the corn and barley) contain a lot of starch – to 50-60 %, there is not enough protein – 9,2 – 11,3 % and a lysine (2,1 – 1,4 g/kg). Difficulties with cultivation and a skarmlivaniye of such traditional cultures as the soya and peas put a problem of search of new protein additives in diets of pigs. As the last, apparently from experience of scientists and practicians, and probably effective application of a rape oil cake and shrota. In the table the characteristic of a rape oil cake and shrota in comparison with sunflower is presented.
In dairy cattle breeding most rationally with high return the concentrated forages are used in the form of the compound feeds balanced on a protein, amino acids, mineral substances and other biologically active substances. In All-Union research and design institute of technology of a rape recipes of compound feeds for milk cows with inclusion of 15 and 30 % of a rape oil cake are developed and studied.
The structure of the recipe of compound feed No. 1 included the following components: barley – 37 %, oats of-10 %, wheat – 30 %, peas – 5 %, a rape oil cake – 15 %. 1 kg of such forage contains (average): fodder units – 1,07, a perevarimy protein – 114,7 g, fat – 48,4 g, celluloses – 50,8 g, calcium – 2,0 g, phosphorus – 3,8 g. The recipe of compound feed No. 2 included the following components: barley – 37 %, oats – 10 %, wheat – 21 %, a rape oil cake – 30 %, mineral additives – 2 %. In 1 kg contains: fodder units – 1,1, a perevarimy protein – 137 g, fat – 79 g, celluloses – 60 g, calcium – 3,0 g, phosphorus – 5,6 g.
Experience carried out to the winter and stall period on cows of black and motley breed. In each group was on 8 cows. The diet for control group of animals included in the main period (kg on the head in day): senazha – 10, a silo – 18, straw – 5, compound feeds – 5,6, treacle – 1, liquid yeast – 25, and salts and diammonijfosfata added according to the recipe. Efficiency of cows in 90 days of the main period made in control – 1823,32 kg; in the I-st skilled group which animals received as a part of compound feed of 15 % of a rape oil cake – 1889,37; in the II-nd skilled, when using as a part of compound feed of 30 % of a rape oil cake – 2055,44. The average percent of fat respectively made: 3,62; 3,63; 3,65. Such results are caused by higher nutritiousness of compound feed with the rape oil cake which more effective dosage for milk cows are 30 % as a part of compound feed.
The carried-out researches showed that use of a rape oil cake as a part of compound feeds increases dairy efficiency of cows and reduces costs of forages of a unit of production to 5-14 %.
Comparative characteristic of rape and sunflower oil cakes **
P. OSTAPCHUK,
head of laboratory of animal husbandry,
candidate of agricultural sciences,
APP UAAN Crimean institute.