The description of diseases and wreckers of grain crops is provided in article in the autumn 2007g. Recommendations about methods of fight against them are also made.
The FORECAST of DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION of the MAIN WRECKERS ALSO is PAINFUL IN CROPS WINTER GRAIN in the AUTUMN of 2007
Dropped out in the first decade of September a precipitation created favorable conditions not only for agricultural plants, but also for development of harmful organisms. In the autumn of the current year winter grain crops will be harmed by group of insects and rodents, number and which injuriousness, is connected with saturation of crop rotations by grain crops. Among them it is allocated: grain ground beetle, cereal flies, podgryzayushchy scoops, myshevidny rodents, cereal flies.
After loss of a precipitation and decrease in a temperature mode bugs of the grain ground beetle left from summer diapauzy and started a yaytsekladka. From second decade of September, everywhere on shoots of fruit drop and cereal weeds, a food of larvae of the first age is noted. Number exceeds them an economic threshold of injuriousness in 2-3 times. Due to the weather conditions, the main injuriousness of this wrecker began with autumn. Therefore to all agricultural producers we recommend in 3 days prior to sowing, to carry out a toksikatsiya of seeds a preparation the Boundary with norm of an expense of 2 kg/hectares. It will allow to protect within 45 days shoots winter not only from larvae of the ground beetle, but also from podgryzayushchy a scoop, provolochnik, larvae of may-bugs. The special attention should be turned on shoots winter in Saksky, Razdolnensky, Krasnoperekopsky, Black Sea, Krasnogvardeysky, Pervomaisk, Kirovsk areas.
At emergence of shoots, and establishment of number winter scoops of 2-3 pieces/sq.m, or 0,5-1 larva of the grain ground beetle, crops locally or vsploshny it is necessary to process such preparations as: Bazudin of 60 % k.e.1,5-1,8 l/hectare, Boundary of 40 % k.e. 0,5-1,5 l/hectares, Rogor From 40 % k.e. 1,5 l/hectares, Fostran of 40 % k.e. – 1,5 l/hectares, Marshal of 25 % k.e. 0,8-1,2 l/hectares, Nurel D k.e. – 0,75-1 l/g, Practician of 60 % k.e. – 1,5-1,8 l/hectares, Diazinon of 60 % k.e. 1,5-1,8 l/hectares. Application of lateral mixes of fosfororganichesky and piretroidny preparations in polovinny dosages is possible.
Warm weather current autumn, will promote active summer and a yaytsekladka: black wheaten, Swedish and Giessen cereal flies. The greatest injuriousness of flies is expected on winter crops of early term of sowing, especially in the central part of the Crimea.
In shoots and a kushcheniye winter grain during the whole warm period it is necessary to expect injuriousness of a cereal plant louse, flea beetles, a tsikadok. These insects are carriers of virus diseases on winter crops. Measures of fight against virus diseases practically aren’t present. Therefore for prevention, distributions of virus diseases on grain crops we recommend, in shoots and a kushcheniye at EPV of a cereal plant louse of-50-150 pieces/sq.m, cereal flea beetles of 30-50 pieces/sq.m, a tsikadok – 150 pieces/sq.m, cereal flies of 40-50 copies on 100 waves a net, without fail to carry out continuous chemical processings of crops by one of the listed preparations: Bi-58 new k.e. 1,5 l/hectares, Detsis Forte k.e. 0,05-0,08 l/hectares, Zolon k.e. 1,5-2 l/hectares, Kinmiks k.e.0,2 l/hectare.
Due to the universal updating of a wild vegetative cover, and also fruit drop existence on fields from second decade of September the most favorable conditions for development of myshevidny rodents were created. Their specific structure will be presented: house mouse, ordinary vole, wood mouse, kurganchikovy mouse.
During the autumn and winter period of 2007-2008 population of myshevidny rodents it is necessary to expect more numerous, rather than last year. Therefore, for prevention of damage of crops by myshevidny rodents, a priming it is necessary to carry out at number 2-3 stake/hectare, 7-10 inhabited holes to colonies. Remember that one mouse can give to 10 dung in a year, in each dung of 5-6 mice which polovozrelost comes in 30 days. A priming of rodents carry out the following preparations: Anti-mouse of 2 kg/hectares, Storm 0,005, Wax briquettes of 1,5 kg/hectares.
The warm damp autumn will be favorable for development of mealy dew, a brown sheet rust, root gnily, septorioza and gelmintosporioza, virus diseases.
In fight against diseases, in 2-3 weeks prior to sowing or in day of sowing, seeds pickle system or contact preparations, depending on their fungitsidny action and protection level, concerning a complex of diseases. System preparations are best of all for using before sowing. At a pro-grass it is possible to use such preparations as Baytan Universal the joint venture of 2 kg/t, Vintsit, page to. 2 l/t, Vitavaks of 200 FF, v.s.k. 2,5-3 l/t, Fundazol of page of item of 2-3 kg/hectares of Sumi of 8 pages p – 1,5 kg/t and others.
In a kushcheniye, in the presence of a mushroom infection, it is necessary to revitalize crops with preparations: Alto Super k.e. 0,4-0,5 l/hectares, Derozal, page to. 0,5 l/hectares, Rex 0,4 – 0,6 l/hectares, Fundazol of page of item of 0,5-0,6 kg/hectares.
Regular inspections, identification of wreckers and diseases, timely protection winter, will prevent creation of difficult intense fytosanitory conditions on crops, and will promote successful growth and rewintering of a crop of 2008.
V. Permyakov, chief State, inspections of protection of plants, S. Kindruk, head of department of forecasting and fytosanitory diagnostics.