In article advantage of a corn and soya silo before a silo from these cultures in pure form reveals, the economic analysis of efficiency of use of such forage is given.
Joint crops of corn and a soya give the chance to receive a silo which pozhnivny properties exceed the usual
Joint crops of corn and soya give the chance to receive a silo which pozhnivny properties exceed the usual. Experiences confirmed also economic efficiency of such forage.
In Ukraine the soya problem, most likely, is caused by that agricultural producers consider its natural features a little. This culture occurs from South East Asia where an environment is characterized by high parameters of temperature and humidity of air. The Crimea also has enough sunny days, but relative humidity of air here often falls to 30 %. In the conditions of application of an irrigation it is possible to grow up rather big and stable crops of this culture.
If productivity of vegetative weight of a soya in a phase full naliva grain reaches 180 c/hectares (it really for our region), with 1 hectare 59,6 c k.e collect. and 6,44 c of a perevarimy protein that 62,0 c of kormoproteinovy units (KPO) are equivalent. To receive such quantity of KPO in grain, it is necessary to have its productivity three times above.
Experience of Institute of animal husbandry of UAAN with application of joint crops of corn and a soya for silo preparation to cattle is worthy. Here norms and ways of crops of grain of both cultures are fulfilled, defined their hybrids and grades, agrotechnical parameters of cultivation of joint crops of these cultures, kosheniye terms, technology of preparation of a silo and its use in KRS diets.
Application in soya "Kutuzovk’s" pilot farm in joint crops with corn gave the chance to increase in 2003-2004 productivity of silage weight on the area of 118 hectares on the average from 232 c/hectares to 261 c/hectares, or for 12,5 % and to prepare 2,5-3,0 thousand t of a high-quality silo.
Corn and soya silos, in comparison with corn, have less active acidity, and according to the content of acids and their ratios belong to 1 class. Such silo, in comparison with corn, contains more crude protein and fat in 1,39 times, and a perevarimy protein – for 56 %. For highly productive cows it has all-important value. High quality of a corn and soya silo positively influences a zhirnomolochnost of cows and function of their reproduction. Replacement of a corn silo in diets of cows on corn and soya, allowed to raise daily average nadoi from 22,5 kg to 24,6 kg, or for 9,3 %, and the zhirnomolochnost of cows raised from 3,70 % to 3,90 % or in 1,05 times.
The soya, thanks to biological fixing of atmospheric nitrogen, on each hectare leaves after itself 90 kg of this valuable chemical element that essentially influences receiving additional profit on its application. This amount of nitrogen is equivalent 260 kg of the ammoniac saltpeter which market cost exceeded nowadays 1000 UAH/t. Thus, the actual profit on application of joint crops of corn and a soya at the rate on 1 hectare it is possible to estimate, considering cost of additional production, the sum to 380 UAH. It is almost that sum which landowners spend in addition for purchase of seeds of a soya, its crops and so forth.
In the conditions of OH "Kutuzovk" with 1 hectare of crops of corn received 198 c of a silo, or 37,6 c of KPO, and from such area of corn and a soya – 222 c of a silo, or 48,8 c of KPO that is more for 29,8 %. It testifies that corn and soya crops on a third are more productive in comparison with one-specific crops.
Further calculations testify that from 1 hectare of crops of corn on a silo 69,3 c of milk with test fat content of 3,4 %, and from the same area under corn and a soya – 95,5 c were developed, or it is more on 26,2 c (37,8 %).
At the realizatsionny price for milk of 1,3 UAH/kg cost of additional farm produce in terms of 1 hectare of a corn and soya field reaches 3406 UAH. The net profit on 1 hectare of joint crops of corn and a soya reaches 3000 UAH/hectares if a crop to use in the form of a silo in diets of highly productive cows.
To reach this profit it is possible without attraction of the additional ground area and its processing.
In comparison with one-specific crops of a soya on grain there is an economy of its seeds, dependence on weather conditions decreases. Thus the requirement dosushivat soya grain completely disappears. There is no need to carry out an ekstrudirovaniye and grain processing before its skarmlivaniye that it is necessary to do at a kormoprigotovleniye.
From the above-stated data follows that soya application in joint crops with corn on a silo provides increase of efficiency of use of ground resources, promotes increase in production of cattle-breeding production, growth of a biologizatsiya of agrarian production. If in production of a soya on grain in Ukraine still there are certain problems, in joint cultivation with corn on a silo they it is much less, and scales of application of such crops are caused by squares of crops of corn at a silo, which in Ukraine hundreds thousands hectares.
(On Propozits_ya magazine materials).