The description of an illness of the plants doing big harm to agricultural cultures is provided in article. Signs of defeat of plants are noted. Recommendations about methods of fight against them are made.
Bacterial diseases of rasteyoniya – bacterioses – do big harm to many selskoyokhozyaystvenny cultures. Defeats can be the general, causing death of all plant, can proyavlyatsya on roots (the root decayed), in vascular system (vascular bolezni); can be local (a zaboleyovaniye of separate parts or bodies of a plant), and also to be shown on parenkhimny fabrics (parenchymatous diseases: decayed, a spottiness, burns) to have the mixed character.
The diseases caused by bakteyoriya, are characterized proniknoveyoniy bacteria in plants from the vneshyony environment through scratches, bruises or natural openings (ustyiyoets). At early stages the bakterialyyony infection is usually localized, but further can lead to death of a plant. Bacterial pyatyonistost depending on a look patogena have various symptoms.
As a bacterium food, poyodobno to mushrooms, osmotrofy – they exhaust nutrients from a substratum and allocate enzymes (nizkomolekuyolyarny toxins), destroying difficult organic connections on okruzhayuyoshchy Wednesday. Strong influence on bacterial microflora is rendered by ekologichesyoky conditions. To development of a bacteriosis promote, except the increased humidity and air temperature, existence on plants of droplets of water, and also deficiency of phosphorus and potassium, high rN soils.
Bacterioses of a cucumber develop in the opened and protected soil. Naiyoboley the angular spottiness, wet decay and a vascular bacteriosis are widespread.
Effectively to fight with etimi diseases, it is necessary to know well dostatochyono symptoms of their proyavyoleniye, a distribution way, bioloyogichesky properties of activators. To Rasyoprostraneny of these pathogens sposobstvuyut a wide range of plants-hozyayoev, survival rate in a rizosfer of agricultural plants and sornyakov, system character of zabolevayoniya, transfer by insects and otsutstyovy effective bactericides.
One of the most important sources of infection – patients semena. At germination they can zarazhat shoots, and then on carrying-out vessels to move and infect adult plants in period vegetations. Besides, such semena can be a source of a rasyoprostraneniye of an infection, the reason of emergence of bacterioses in areas where before them wasn’t.
One more, not less important, an isyotochnik of infection – the remains of bolyyony plants.
Numerous researches showed that the soil as a source of an inyofektsiya doesn’t represent big danger as phytopathogenic bakyoteriya, getting to it, quickly pogibayut under the influence of microbes antagonists.
Fight measures
Protection system against bakteriyoalny diseases it is necessary primenyat taking into account biological osoyobennost of the activator.
And inventar, used during vegetation of the previous culture, it is necessary to disinfect hothouse constructions, container; zarayozhenny soil too it is necessary prodezinficirovat thermal or other methods. On termination of a season garbage and the vegetative remains sleduet carefully to collect and burn.
It is impossible to allow a rasprostraneyoniya on cucumber landings of a rostkovy fly and other soil vrediyotel.
It is necessary to be careful when collecting fruits, not to allow their mechanical damages, to process tools dezinyofitsiruyushchy means, not to take a plant dirty hands.
Sow cucumber seeds in the earliest terms, when soil progreetsya to temperature 12… 14°S. To grow up this culture it is better sprouts on uchastkax with frame film ukrytiyoy or without it, but it is obligatory on a lane. It provides luchyoshy airing of plants for elimination of excessive moisture. Polivat follows at the roots, not dopuyosky water hits on leaves.
The need for water during growth and, especially, during a formiyorovaniye of fruits, is very great. For receiving a big crop it is important to carry out watering each 2-3 days. Don’t forget: cold water or water with raised soderzhaniyoy chlorine harms!
Cucumbers can be grown up prakticheski on all types of soils, imeyuyoshchy a sufficient drainage and aeration though it is more preferable ispolzovat easy and rich with a humus. This culture doesn’t follow vyrashhivat on one place more often than time in 4-5 years, otherwise increases danger of a vozniknoyoveniye of diseases. Experience shows that the cucumber well reacts to a vneyoseniye of organic fertilizers, koyotory improve soil structure.
At cultivation neobxodimo continuous and uniform supply of plants of this culture by nutrients. During vegetation with an interval in 3 weeks carry out 2-3 not root top dressing by a water rasyotvor of a mix of mineral udobreyoniya (20 g of superphosphate, 7 g mocheviny, 20 g of potash salt, 2 g of manganese, 4 g of a copper vitriol).
Today selection on an ustoychiyovost to diseases – one of the main directions of branch of an ovoshchevodyostvo. The state register rekomenduet for cultivation is a lot of grades and the hybrids steady against sayomy harmful diseases. To a soyozhaleniye, stability to an illness – it not forever. Over time it can weaken and even to disappear. Mainly, it occurs because of variability of the activator of a zayobolevaniye.
The great value has selection high-yielding, early ripe sortov and hybrids which to massoyovy manifestation of diseases sposobny to create the main part of a crop. Grades absolutely steady against bacterial diseases while aren’t present. Are rather steady against an angular spottiness: Nerosimy 40, Far East 12, Muyoromsky 36, Signal 235, Graceful, Don 165, Aquarius, Voronezhyosky, Competitor, Droplet, Novosiyobirsky, Dean, Platovets, Altai, Phoenix, Electron 2, Zodiac of F1, Hopd F1.
The majority fungicidov doesn’t render essential influence on bacterioses. But if the infection after all appeared, it is necessary opryskivat plants of a cucumber of 0,4 % suspension xlorokisi for copper before collecting or 1 % bordoyosky liquid 2 – is multiple (in 5 days prior to removal zelencov), or Kuproksat, to. with, 345 g/l (at the first manifestation of an illness and in 10 days). Against bacterioses rekomenduetsya processing and other medsoderzhashchy preparations, such as: Abigapik, century with, 400 g/l (plants process no more than 3 times, 3 l/hectares), Oksikhlorid of copper, item page, 900 g/kg.
Seeds need to be collected only from healthy plants and fruits. Reduce injuriousness bakteriozov recommended for an obrayobotka of seeds microbiological preparations of Baktrofit and Psevdobakterin-2.
For seeding it is necessary to use only the pickled seeds – it will rescue a cucumber at an early stage of growth and development. As showed isyosledovaniye of the Russian scientific VIZR, preseeding soaking of seeds at 12 o’clock in solution of mikroyoelement (manganese, zinc, copper, iron, pine forest) in concentration of 0,03 % reduced distribution of an angular spottiness to 30-33 %, extent of development – to 8 % (Lazarev A. M, 2005). Soaking in 0,02 % rastvore sernokisly zinc at room temperature snizhalo illness development also increased at 24 o’clock productivity of culture.
Search of effective remedies zashhity from bacterioses proceeds.
(On Ovoshchevodstvo magazine materials).