In this publication it is a question of drawing up of fodder diets for dairy cows. The content of nutrients in them is thus considered. The special attention by drawing up of diets is given to highly productive cows since they should receive all types of forages, mineral and vitamin additives.
The main forage in a summer diet – a pasturable grass. Norms of feeding of cows are calculated on fat content of milk of 3,8-4,0 %. The table of an approximate diet is provided in the publication for cows with a various yield of milk.
What stern for dairy cows is better? How it is correct to make fodder diets depending on efficiency of animals that it was possible to receive a lot of "good" milk? On these and other questions the reader will find the answer in article offered by us.
For dairy cows raciony make on the basis of norms of feeding and available kormov. The soyoderzhaniye of nutrients in them is thus considered. If in racione there are no juicy forages, the amount of solid shouldn’t exceed 3-3,5 kg on each 100 kg of live weight of a cow. If the animal poluchaet large numbers of juicy forages, is allowed a uveliyocheniye of this norm to 4-4,5 kg on 100 kg of weight. At the stoyloyovy maintenance of cattle the basis of a diet is made by rough forages which at small daily yields of milk (5-6 kg) can provide completely a potrebyonost of a cow in all pitatelyyony substances. At more vyyosoky yields of milk (7-10 kg) in raciony, except a rough forage (hay, straw), is necessary to add a small amount of juicy forages and concentrates.
The concentrated forages depending on a yield of milk it is necessary to give from 100 to 350 g on 1 l moloka. At yields of milk 10 kg moloka are higher and at razdy in a diet neobxodimo to include juicy forages, especially root crops, and also potatoes. The called forages possess molokogonnymi properties and raise appetit. But it is necessary to mean that cows eat concentrates and juicy forages more willingly and refuse the rough. Vysoyokoproduktivnye of a cow dolzhny to receive all types of forages (hay, a large number of sochyony forages, compound feed), mineyoralny and vitamin podkormki (table salt, a bone flour, fodder phosphate, hvoyyony branches, a grassy flour, etc.) . The main forage in summer racione – a pasturable grass. Koyorova eats per day to 60-70 kg of a grass of high quality. High yields of milk can be received at a pasture on good travoyosty before flowering of plants. Late because of grass deterioration the relation of a cow to it changes, and consequently it is necessary to give in addition a skoshenyony green grass from kormuyoshka in number of 15-30 kg per day. Green top dressing dayut for the night. At high yields of milk, cows should receive the concentrated forages in the same quantities, as well as in the winter.
If in an economy there are ukazanyony forages, these diets can be used without an izmeneyoniya. If any isn’t present, it is possible to make other diets, having replaced in them an otsutyostvuyushchy forage available in an economy. Thus it is necessary uchityvat their nutritious tsenyonost and a chemical composition. If the actual yield of milk of a cow lower or above, than it is specified in an approximate diet, it is necessary to reduce or increase normy concentrates. At a daily yield of milk above 20 kg in a diet increase quantity of a silo, root crops, kontsentriroyovanny forages. Norms a kormleyoniya of cows are calculated on a zhiryonost of milk of 3,8-4,0 %. If in milk contains more or less fat, a yield of milk needs to be counted for the specified zhiryonost.
We provide the table of an approximate diet for cows with a various yield of milk
(On newspaper materials To Fermerska a hospodariate).