In a material the technology of feeding of pigs during the different periods of their growth and development is in detail described, characteristics kormosmesy, fed are given to pigs and adult animals:
To ATTENTION of the CATTLE BREEDER
To attention of the cattle breeder
The concentrated forages are most nutritious. Them treat generally grain, leguminous, zernomaslichny (oil cakes, shroty), bran and a various grain waste. From grain the best forage for pigs considered barley. Especially it is useful to pigs and the young growth which is grown up on otkorm.
Highly nourishing forage the corn is considered also. In a diet grown up for otkorma it is possible to replace pigs with it to 75 % of the concentrated forages. And in the content of protein surpass all other forages peas and a soya. However it is necessary to remember that at a skarmlivaniye of a large number of these bean (more than 20 % of nutritiousness of a diet) at pigs can arise locks and swellings, and at a suporosny uterus – abortions.
In a forage pigs can use and wheat, only to feed it it is necessary in a grubomoloty look and in a mix with other concentrated sterns.
For feeding of pigs often use a podsolnechnikovy and soya oil cake or shrot. Various oil cakes and shroty in itself are very nutritious – in 1kg contains about 1,1 sterns. a unit and to 450 g of a digested protein necessary for building, first of all, for a muscular fabric of animals. However in a large number them to feed to pigs it is impossible. Suporosnym (on late terms) and to a podsosny uterus is recommended to set no more than 0,5-0,6 kg per day as from an excessive skarmlivaniye, for example, oil cakes, pigs are born weak and often have diarrhea. To the young growth which is grown up on otkorm, it is necessary to set oil cakes and shrotov no more than 0,3-0,4 kg per day in a mix with other grain and juicy sterns.
Juicy forages (a beet, potatoes, carrots, an earth pear, bakhchevy, vegetable marrows, a silo and a green grass) malopitatelny (contain a lot of water – to 95 %), but well influence an organism of animals, especially on dairy efficiency of sows.
Potatoes feed to pigs in a boiled look, however water in which it cooked, before giving surely merge, not vypaivayut her animal. In a diet of pigs potatoes can make to 40-50 % of nutritiousness, 1 kg contains 0,3 sterns. a unit and 14 g of a digested protein. Pigs willingly eat a zaparenny and crude beet, but it, as well as potatoes, contains insignificant amount of protein. Carrots feed to suporosny and podsosny sows, and also pigs in crude (a pure look as a vitamin additive).
The green grass an animal is better for feeding mown as it excludes eating of poisonous plants by them (Wicca poisonous, belladonnas, a dope usual, an euphorbia and others).
Rough forages of nutrients contain a little. They consist in the basic of cellulose which in an organism of an animal both is digested, and is acquired badly. The forages most suitable for pigs – hay of a lucerne, a clover and other bean cultures. The good forage considered also buckwheat, oat and prosyany polova which is expedient for feeding in a mix with concentrates at the beginning otkorma, when at animals excellent appetite.
Best of all pigs of all age acquire organic substances of forages of an animal origin: proteins, and also fat integral and skim milk – for 98 %, a myasokostny flour – for 85 %, fish meal – for 77 %. Dairy forages are desirable for setting to all age groups of pigs, especially to pigs – sosunam which need top dressing by milk from 4-5th day after the birth. Skim milk and serum is desirable for feeding to young growth and after depriving.
Mineral substances
They are especially necessary for young growing pigs, suporosny (for pre-natal development of germs) and podsosny sows (with milk of a sow arrive in an organism of growing pigs). One of the main mineral substances promoting growth and development of young growth – phosphorus. Calcium bean herbs, with phosphorus – concentrates are rich. As mineral top dressing pigs first of all should give chalk and table salt and if there is a possibility, and other mineral substances.
In house conditions often feed also a table waste. And here it is important, that they were boiled thoroughly and were fed in a mix with concentrates.
Quality of pork in many respects depends on forages. Depending on appointment they are subdivided into three groups. The first – the forages promoting building of meat and quality fat: the grain – barley, a rye, peas, wheat, millet; the juicy – a sugar and semi-sugar beet, carrots, bakhchevy, potatoes; the green – a clover, a lucerne, a nettle; an animal origin – obrat, a buttermilk, serum.
The second group – the forages which are a little reducing quality of pork: corn, buckwheat, wheaten, rye and barley bran, sveklovichny molasses.
When using forages of these two groups (1:1) also receive fat and meat of high quality.
The third group – stern which strongly reduce quality of pork (oats, the bard, an oil cake, shrot). From them fat loses density and quickly turns yellow at storage, and meat becomes friable, flabby and unsuitable to long storage. It is not necessary to forget also that on quality of fat and meat, the structure of forages which feed to pigs in the remained 1,5-2 months before slaughter considerably influences.
There is a stern, not only worsening quality of pork, but also unhealthy pigs. These are struck with a rust, the heads, the decayed, dirty, containing poisons (alkoloidy), for example, sprouts of sprouted potatoes and a potato tops of vegetable. Skarmlivaniye to a suporosny sow of mouldy forages, frozen potatoes, a beet, a silo can lead to an abortion.
Before a skarmlivaniye grain forages surely crush. Barley and oats should be ground on small, corn – on average, and a rye and wheat – on large dert. It is possible and without a grinding, but then it is necessary before a skarmlivaniye (in 16 hours and even 24 hours) them to presoak.
Forages to pigs feed dry, humidified or in the form of the talker, however they eat a liquid forage worse. Kontskorma is better to set dry at an open entry of animals to water, and it is even better – a little moistened (65-70 % of humidity). And only such from them as potatoes, a meat waste, not it is necessary to boil thoroughly the absolutely fresh. Hay if it not rough, it is possible to give in a usual look, and rough it is necessary to crush and zaparivat. The green forage should be new-mown, root crops wash, crush and set to pigs in the raw.
For ensuring high-grade feeding of pigs in an economy on one difficult sow (a sow and fattened before slaughter in 100 kg her issue) 10 t zernofurazha (including barley – 3 tons, corn – 3 tons are necessary to prepare for a year, wheat – 3 tons, leguminous – 1 ton). Besides, 3-5 tons of juicy and green forages, and also 250-300 kg of hay of high quality are necessary.
To 60-day age it is necessary for pigs of starterny compound feed – 20 kg or a grain mix (it is better barley derti) – 16 kg, obrata – 20-25 kg, juicy forages – 5 kg, a hay flour – no more than 200 g.
Podsvinka at cultivation also fatten to 110-115 kg it is necessary to set about 600 kg of concentrates of 200 kg of juicy forages and 50 kg of a hay flour or hay of high quality. Depending on a physiological condition of sows a daily expenditure of compound feed (kormosmesy) on one head: for single and suporosny – 2,8-3,2 kg; for the podsosny – 5-5,5 kg. For manufacturing male pigs daily giving compound feed depends on intensity of their sexual use and makes 30-40 kg.
(On Ogorodnik magazine materials).