In article grades of a persimmon east are presented, their productivity and profitability of production in the conditions of the Nikitsky garden is given.
Garden
School of the gardener
The persimmon east belongs to skoroplodny fruit crops, it rather early enters fructification. So, for example, on the Black Sea coast a grade ("Regulus") sometimes gives to Hiakuma the first crop for the second year after landing in a garden. At Karadaga, near Feodosiya, near Bakhchisarai (Dolinnoye’s page) and near Sevastopol (page. Fruit) it gave for the third year of life in a garden till 15-30 fruits from a tree, i.e. to 5-8 kg. A grade the Nikitsky claret and many other start to fructify on fourth or fifth, giving from 5 to 12 kg of fruits from a tree. The Russian blossoms on the fifth, and sometimes and on the sixth year, but in the first year – two flowerings at it in dry weather are often showered zavyazi (forms seedless, partenokarpichesky fruits), but from second year of flowering the crop can already reach ten-twelve kgs.
At a tightening of a formirovka of krone (scraps), in need of preparation of a large number of shanks; or at a podmerzaniye of the ends of annual escapes, fructifying escapes from where grow – young trees considerably reduce a crop.
The productive period at a persimmon east till 60-80 years and more long. 70 and 90 summer trees on the Southern coast of the Crimea (Kostat’s grade) which and at such "senile" age don’t reduce crops are known and bring annually from two fruits to five thousand, to 300-400 kg from a tree.
Usually after landing crops of fruits of a persimmon in the course of time accrue quickly enough, even in areas where the probability of a podmerzaniye of usual grades of east persimmon is observed with frequency of 1 times in 10-15 years: it after a podmerzaniye quickly restores kornu and crops. It is quite natural that in less favorable conditions, or in a garden with less winter-hardy, less productive varieties crops of fruits are slightly lower.
At us in the Crimea in new areas at 5-10 summer age trees of east persimmon give from 15 to 30 kg/villages. At the age of 15-25 years the tree gives from 50-60 kg to 120-150 kgs of fruits. Adult, large trees quite often give on 150-200 kgs.
The most big crops of east persimmon receive in the Western Georgia (including Adzharia and Abkhazia), near Sochi-Adler, in irrigated conditions of Azerbaijan and the southern Dagestan, in the south of Central Asia and on the Southern coast of the Crimea.
Productivity of a persimmon east in the south of Central Asia on eighth or tenth of life made: a grade to Hiakuma – to 200 c/hectares, a grade to Zendzhi-mara – to 250 c/hectares, and in the south of Dagestan – from 116 to 180 c/hectares depending on a grade.
Economic efficiency of this culture counted in the Crimea in the late sixties (Yalta. GNSB – A.K.Pasenkov 1969), and in Central Asia (B.S.Rozanov, etc. – 1970) and everywhere it in the warm South proved to be one of the most profitable cultures.
Crop of some grades of a persimmon east (GNBS, Yalta)
(Pasenkov, 1970).
Crops of fruits of a persimmon of east culture in new areas in the Crimea
Average productivity of young trees of 10-14 years ≈ 30 kg/villages.
Average productivity of adult trees of 20-27 years ≈ 50 kg/villages. And more.
Crops in Agrarian low in connection with regular preparation of shanks for nursery.
In landings of 5 m x = 400 ñÑÓ/hectare (adult trees) productivity of east persimmon makes 5 m to 200 c/hectares.
· In separate years the imparted branch to Hiakuma freezes slightly. Fructifies not regularly.
·
Profitability of production of a persimmon in the conditions of the Nikitsky garden,
(age of trees of 11-12 years)
Note: * Production cost at the prices of 1964 – 50 kopeks for kg
** Production expenses are given counting upon fur. soil processing.
Economic efficiency of cultivation of east persimmon in the Crimea even at productivity in 18 kg from a tree is reached for eighth or tenth after landing of the imparted saplings in a garden.
Rather condensed plantings of a persimmon (5×5 m and 5×4 m) in Central Asia on the seventh year paid back all costs of a laying of a garden, and since eight years gave a net profit with factor of profitability from 2,2 to 3,5 in difficult climatic conditions and to 7,2-8,8 in favorable conditions. Approximately the same results were received and on YuBK in GNBS (A.K.Pasenkov, 1969).
High economic efficiency of cultivation of a persimmon is defined not only the high realizatsionny prices, its big crops and the early introduction in fructification, but also, generally by low prime cost of fruits which in turn is defined by small expenses on a scrap, it is not necessary to be spent for protection of plants against wreckers and diseases that does it on the one hand low-power expensive, and with another – its fruits absolutely non-polluting in what one of its main advantages consists.
V. TCHERNYAEV, botanist.
Agrarian, Simferopol area.