Article provides information on injuriousness of an ambrosia, its biological features and ways of restriction of distribution of this karantiyny weed plant.
GENERAL ADDRESS
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Among the major tasks which are constantly put before agricultural industry concerning productivity increase in Ukraine, fight against harmful organisms, and especially with quarantine is. At an average contamination the last the crop of crops decreases respectively: sunflower – for 40 percent, corn – to 35 percent, grain and vegetable – to 20 percent in summary a high contamination and owing to an excessive siccation and soil exhaustion a crop of crops from this field at all don’t collect.
At the accounting of features of quarantine weeds, in particular ambrosias polynnolistny, total amount of losses in crops of sunflower, corn, grain and vegetable crops from a contamination it, according to the previous calculations, makes about 2 billion UAH. in a year.
Ambrosia polynnolistny – dangerous to the person and environment a weed littering yards and streets, personal plots, gardens, parks, waste grounds, roadsides of roads, railway embankments, coast of the rivers and ponds, windbreak fields. On fields litters practically all crops and grounds including: the propashny – sunflower, corn, a soya, vegetables, long-term and annual fodder herbs, winter and summer grain, technical, meadows and pastures, and also a large number of the raw lands.
As of 01.01.2006 of the area of infection with a quarantine weed make 1330 thousand hectares that on 500 thousand hectares it is more in comparison with 1996. In the Autonomous Republic Crimea, the Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Kirovograd, Lugansk, Nikolaev, Odessa, Poltava, Kharkov and Kherson areas as a whole it is 70-75 % of agricultural holdings.
Negative influence on environment considerably amplifies at its penetration on not processed lands with the broken grassy cover. At absence, in most cases, as a part of vegetation of such lands of competitive plants concerning an ambrosia, there are best conditions of growth and development of the quarantine weed which quantity of shoots can reach some thousands on square meter.
Plants of an ambrosia develop a large amount of pollen and seeds. Flower pollen is very dangerous and harmful to the person and at inhalation with air causes an allergic disease – ambroziyny polinoz. The illness proceeds in the form of sharply expressed rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, migraine, the small tortoiseshell and is accompanied by a considerable debilitation of an organism.
Treatment of the allergy caused by pollen of an ambrosia, long and heavy. Therefore one of the main objectives of state regulation for this time is identification and localization of quarantine weeds, and also definition of the main directions for elimination of an ambrosia of polynnolistny Ukraine in the territory.
For providing effective control of number of an ambrosia polynnolistny priority value has complex application of methods of fight against it, namely: mechanical, agrotechnical, chemical and biological.
Along with it for a solution of the problem of fight against an ambrosia polynnolistny support of the state and target assignment is necessary for protection of plants against it at the expense of the government budget.
Successfully to fight against an ambrosia polynnolistny in territories of the Autonomous Republic Crimea and areas of Ukraine, to prevent its penetration from quarantine zones to regions of Ukraine, to provide carrying out quarantine actions in the territory where the quarantine mode is introduced it is offered:
• To develop and approve the plan of measures on fight against quarantine weeds: to identification, localization and neutralization of an ambrosia polynnolistny.
• To oblige owners, users and tenants of the land lots certainly to introduce all provided actions.
• To consider by preparation of drafts of budgets for 2007-2008 a question of assignment for carrying out fytosanitory actions, especially in the territory of the cities, in places of mass stay of the population, at schools, child care preschool and improving facilities.
N.Kostyak, the main state inspector on quarantine of plants of Ukraine, S. Berezhnov, the chief state health officer of Ukraine, H.Psarev, the main state inspector, the doctor on protection of surrounding habitat of Ukraine.
On all questions to address to regional State inspectors on quarantine of plants or in Krymgoskarantin by phone 27-53-66.