In article consultations on protection of onions against sheykovy decay and a gray mold are given.
Today many owners already put onions and garlic on storage. And now the main objective – not to give to this crop an abyss because of diseases which often strike vegetables how they are sent in store rooms.
The most widespread disease of onions and garlic – sheykovy decay. An infecting agent – Botrytis allii Munn fungus. Primary infection of plants occurs in the field even before harvesting, when drowning leaves in which the fungus develops very quickly. It gets into fabrics through leaky closed neck and mechanical damages. During this period to define, whether plants are infected, it is impossible, therefore the struck bulbs together with healthy get to storage.
Symptoms of a disease can be noticed in the first months of storage. An illness, passing from vegetable to vegetable, extends already and on lateral parts, and on collums of bulbs. The bulb in these parts is softened, becomes watery, yellow-pink color, with an unpleasant smell. If are surprised all of scales, the bulb is mummified. On a surface struck cheshuj the dense gray mold is appreciable. Later these places turn into a continuous black crust.
How fast sheykovy decay also will strongly develop, depends on several conditions. So, if in storage humidity and temperature is higher, than it is necessary, a mass disease of vegetables not to avoid. The optimum temperature for a fungus 20°S, but it can develop and at 3 – 4 °. And here at 0 ° growth and development of sheykovy decay stops.
How sheykovy decay on vegetables gets? The onions which put sevky, generally get this infection from seed bulbs. At their disembarkation in the field the infecting agent can strike arrows and seed heads. Shooters crack, seeds remain underdeveloped, have bad vsxozhest. The infection which has appeared on semennik, is suffered on onions turnip where gets on the bottom dying-off leaves, and then and on a bulb, causing its infection. At onions crops by seeds the plant catches mainly from crops of a turnip and semennik.
Much more rare, but after all the soil appears a source of an infection. The matter is that in it fungus sklerotsiya can remain. And then conditions of cultivation of onions are important. So, at the same weather the onions are surprised on loamy soils more strongly; more poorly – on sandy. If humidity of the soil is high, develops quicker. Thus and plants develop worse, and bulbs ripen more slowly, there is also an usykhaniye of leaves more slowly. The onions quickly are surprised an illness when the raised doses of nitrogen when bulbs clean immature when them badly dry up after cleaning are brought in the soil.
That the onions were less damaged by sheykovy decay, first of all it is necessary, that the landing material was healthy. For this purpose onions-chernushku sow on the separate sites remote from fields, taken with onions turnip and semennik. To clean bulbs it is necessary only in their complete maturing. To dry in a sunny weather on an open place in one layer, in damp – at first under a canopy, and then within 7 – 10 days indoors at heating of air till 26-35 °. At a scrap of onions it is necessary to leave a neck in length 3-6 see. To store stocks of onions it is recommended: the food – at temperature 1-3 ° and relative humidity of 75-80 %, uterine bulbs – at 2-5 ° and 70-80 %, sevka – at 18-20 ° and 60-70 %.
At industrial storage when stocks of onions or garlic are very great, them pickle fungicidami. In house conditions it is necessary to watch temperature and humidity in a room and periodically to touch bulbs, deleting the infected.
Unfortunately, grades of onions steady against sheykovy decay, no. This illness early ripening varieties less are surprised.
The onions can suffer and from a so-called gray mold. Causative agent of this illness one more fungus (Botrytis cinerea Pers). Unlike sheykovy decay, the illness doesn’t mention a neck, and develops on lateral and ground parts of a bulb. Vegetables can catch a gray mold as in the field, and in storage – as well as sheykovy decay. The struck places becoming wet, with an unpleasant smell, yellowish color, become covered by a gray fluffy raid of a fungus. To fight against a gray mold it is necessary in the ways applied at sheykovy decay.
(On materials of Internet editions).