On June 16, 2006 in Klepinino’s village of the Krasnogvardeysky area the republican meeting on cleaning of grain crops took place. The full text of the report is provided in this issue of the newspaper.
To what leads a tightening of term of cleaning it is visually visible on last year
In Klepinino of the Krasnogvardeysky area the republican seminar meeting on which readiness of agricultural enterprises of the Crimea for cleaning of early grain and forage crops of a crop of 2006 was considered took place.
The vice-chairman of Council of ministers of ARK N. Kolisnichenko, the chairman of the Constant commission of the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic Crimea took part in work of meeting on agrarian questions of ecology and rational agriculture of the Lake Rusetsky, the minister of an agrarian policy of the Crimea P. Akimov, the chairman of the Crimean republican trade-union organization of employees of agrarian and industrial complex A.Polyakov, representatives of other ministries and departments, scientific institutions, chiefs and specialists of regional managements of agroindustrial development, chiefs of state seed and quarantine inspections, inspectors of purchase and quality of agricultural products, heads of the hlebopriyemny enterprises, agrotrading houses, agricultural enterprises and farms.
Speaking at meeting, the deputy director on scientific work of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN of L.Radchenko pointed to features of cleaning of seed crops and finishing of seeds to sowing standards. The professor of the southern branch of the NAU Crimean agrotechnical university N.Osenny spoke about features of preparation of the soil under winter a crop of 2007 in the conditions of this year, and the chief of inspectorate for purchases and quality of agricultural products of N.Orlovsky in detail explained the mechanism of purchases of grain of a crop of the current year. The chairman of the Krasnogvardeysky district state administration M. Kosovan told about readiness of agricultural enterprises of the area for harvesting of the early grain. The director general of affiliated undertaking SAC Bread of Ukraine A.Shamshin reported gathered about readiness of elevators, harvesting points for reception of grain of a new crop, explained conditions of reception of grain of a crop of 2006.
The chief of republican grain inspection V. Petrenko, the deputy director of regional office of Agrarian fund also made a speech at meeting in A.Martynenko’s ARK, the director of the Crimean agrarian exchange A.Ignatenko, the president of the production leasing company "Ukragrosnab" G. Avdeev, the chairman of Public administration in ARK of Century as Probey-Golova, the chairman of republican committee on vodkhozyaystvenny construction and irrigated agriculture S.Asanov and others.
The report at meeting was made by the deputy minister of an agrarian policy of the Crimea S. Pelagenko.
The Crimean nature seldom indulges farmers the weather favoring to cultivation of a big crop of winter and early summer crops.
If there is it, approximately once in 10-12 years. Told can confirm results of production of early grain crops. In 1978 the Crimea received on 31,3 c/hectares, in the 1989th – 37,6 c/hectares and in 1995 – 27,9 c/hectares.
Current 2006 average biological productivity on a root is estimated more than at 25 c/hectares.
It is not necessary to forget that the nature only helps those who laboriously and persistently puts every year a reliable basis of a crop. To careless owners and workers and this year weather conditions didn’t go to use.
And now let’s analyse, who and how put a basis of a grain yield of the current year?
All of you perfectly remember, what was led by the Ministry of an agrarian policy and regional administrations organizational work on development and introduction of the concept which provided first of all streamlining of cultivated areas of all crops:
– to leave from low-productive predecessors;
– to provide biological protection of crops against wreckers and diseases;
– to provide increase of fertility of processed lands at the expense of biological and natural factors, to be exact to raise their role.
Decrease in the expensive mechanism in production of all cultivated field cultures should become resulting effect of implementation of the concept.
As a result of structure streamlining, cultivated areas under early grain group in the current year are reduced by 50 thousand hectares. It allowed to reduce placement winter on an eddish by 20 %.
There was a possibility to concentrate material resources on each actually poseyanny hectare therefore specific weight of crops winter increased:
– poseyanny with phosphoric fertilizers – for 4 %
– seeds of high reproductions – for 8 %
– volumes of protection of crops from weeds, diseases and wreckers increased by 12 %
Thus, despite rather hard and long frosts (-29,-31 degree within 4-6 days) in January, at insignificant (1-2 cm) snow cover in a northwest zone of the Crimea almost completely remained winter grain crops.
The death of crops didn’t exceed 4 thousand hectares, i.e. within 1 %. After rewintering we have such high level of their safety for the first time for the last 9 years (1997 – 4,1 thousand hectares).
However and in the current year we had such managing subjects, which else continue to work by a principle of east saying: That sew – that reaped – any grain wasn’t gone.
More others continue to sow winter grain on the sternevy predecessor (53 %) in Kirovsk and Nizhnegorsky areas.
About 30 % of the areas without introduction of phosphoric fertilizers are sowed: in Saksky 32 %, Nizhnegorsky – 32 %, Krasnoperekopsky – 28 % and 27 % in Kirovsk areas.
More than 40 % of crops of winter grain crops weren’t fed up by nitric fertilizers in Dzhankoysky, Saksky and Nizhnegorsky areas. For an example I will call separate agricultural enterprises. Any hectare of the winter it is not fed up in the current year in SOOO "Ukraine" Dzhankoysky – from 2200 hectares, open company of Krupskaya Nizhnegorskogo – from 1700 hectares, JSC Pole May Day – from 1600 hectares, GPZ "Black Sea" of the Saksky area – from 1063 hectares. Not processed herbicides there were 37 % of crops grain in the Razdolnensky area.
The volume of preventive processings of winter crops against diseases lateral mixes is smallest is executed by farms of the Belogorsky area – 2 %, in Kirovskogom processed 1 %, in Simferopol – 4 % and Black Sea – 5 %. While in the Krasnogvardeysky region of-60 %; (on the republic of-20 %).
Unfortunately, it is necessary to note that the main part of the agrotechnical violations listed by me falls to the share of small-scale farmer and family households. Without holding protective events, they turn the fields into nurseries of wreckers, diseases and weeds.
And so, dear companions, we approached closely by the beginning of cleaning of the early grain. We will start it, having considered conditions of their development and maturing, in 7-10 days.
At winter barley grain already has wax ripeness, wheat is in a stage of dairy ripeness. And in ears of summer barley already ended having poured grains.
Here volumes of harvest works what should be executed in the current year:
– total area of cleaning of the early grain – 476 thousand hectares.;
– winter wheat – more than 300 thousand hectares.;
– winter barley – over 95 thousand hectares.;
– summer barley – 69 thousand hectares.;
– oats – about 8 thousand hectares.;
– the other early grain – 3 thousand hectares.
Today it is already possible to predict level of a biological crop with high degree of reliability. By our calculations and calculations of scientists of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production, gross collecting early grain is expected within 1,2 – 1,3 million tn. Thus, the Crimea in the current year has real possibility to collect on 150 thousand tn. it is more than grain, than it was collected last year, and despite considerable (10 %) reduction of a cultivated area.
Everything will depend now on degree of readiness and safety in operation of own and involved equipment, and also competent tactical actions of heads and specialists of agricultural enterprises.
Some words about forecasts of production of grain as a whole across Ukraine and in the largest zernoproizvodyashhixregionax.
The grain volume of production in the country will be below level of last year. It is connected with that as a whole across Ukraine there were nedoseyano 20 % and 5 % of cultivated areas of winter crops were lost. Thus, the area and gross collecting the winter it will be reduced by 25 %. The Kherson area doesn’t gather additionally not less than 20 % to level of 2005, Lugansk and Odessa – over 15 %, Poltava – not less than 14 %, Cherkassk, Kiev, Zaporozhye, Dnepropetrovsk – over 10-11 %
I ask heads to consider this information at the conclusion of contracts on the robot of the involved combines.
Considering a developing situation, owners of combines intend to break the main jackpot in the Crimea as at themselves in regions they, in the current year, considerably won’t gather additionally volumes of harvest works. Here therefore mercenaries persistently try to inspire to agricultural producers that cost of their services should make not less than 200 UAH. for hectare and diesel fuel for their account. On real cost of their services I will stop slightly below.
At the beginning let’s analyse, as ourselves were prepared for harvest works and than we really have. Now works on completion of preparation of combine harvesters, zernoochistitelny cars are everywhere intensified. Preparation of currents and warehouse is conducted, acceptance of technical base of elevators and warehouse comes to the end. According to operative data, today 92 % of own kombaynovy park (1441 of 1566) are already prepared for work. Full readiness of the combines while was provided by only four areas: Dzhankoysky, Kirov, Krasnoperekopsky and Soviet. In ten areas it is prepared from 90 to 98 % of grain-harvesting cars.
And problem there are two areas: Saksky – 73 % (136 of 180) and Razdolnensky – 89 % (90 of 101). It just those areas where the regional administration (the Saksky area), very weak government of branch today is decapitated, in the absence of a sufficient kvalifitsirovannost of shots in regional management personnel (Razdolnensky).
It agrees to the working plans made by regional managements, in cleaning of the current year of own combines 1503 units will work. Their daily productivity will fluctuate within 15,5 – 16,0 thousand hectares. It means that in optimum terms they can clean about 255 thousand hectares or 53-55 % from the total harvested acreage. Then that for ensuring timely cleaning of early grain crops it is necessary to involve yet less than 500 high-efficiency combines. Today contracts on participation in cleaning of 490 such combines are already signed and this work still proceeds.
Today not all heads were defined what number of combines will involve. But here guessing on a coffee thick isn’t admissible. Calculation should be such: cleaning to carry out in 15 working days (taking into account bad weather it can be 20-25 calendar days);
– the maximum daily productivity of own park will make no more than 8-10 hectares on one unit;
– necessary number of the involved combines we count proceeding from a difference the general and cleaned own forces of the area taking into account productivity of the involved equipment – 30 hectares per day. Settlement average load of 1 combine shouldn’t exceed 230 hectares.
Having analysed the working plans presented by areas, already today it is possible to tell that it is insufficiently planned to involve in addition grain-harvesting equipment with agricultural enterprises of the Dzhankoysky area (253 hectares), Lenin (259 hectares), Krasnogvardeysky (269 hectares) and Black Sea (301 hectares).
To heads of agricultural enterprises of the called areas, we urgently recommend to count once again need for attraction of equipment, after all at shortage its cleaning can be tightened about one month and more.
To what leads a tightening of term of cleaning, it is visually visible on last year: The Belogorsky area cleaned in 39 days – 18,1 c/hectares, Krasnoperekopsky – in 37 days – 18 c/hectares, Saksky – in 35 days – 16,2 c/hectares, Razdolnensky – in 35 days – 15,1 c/hectares.
And such agricultural enterprises as SOOO "Chongarsky" – Dzhankoysky (Tchernyaev P. F.) – 40 days (productivity of 8,8 c/hectares), FC "Agris" Krasnoperekopsky (Pavlovsk Century F.) – 40 days (productivity of 13,8 c/hectares).
Where cleaning lasted no more than 25 calendar days result much above: in the Krasnogvardeysky area – 27,6 c/hectares, the Soviet and Simferopol areas – 26,4 and 26,2 c/hectares, in Kirovsk – 24,2 c/hectares.
I think that comments here are excessive.
Some words about tactical feature of carrying out harvest works in the current year. In this plan before us there are two main objectives. The first – to clean in a short time and not to allow excessive losses of grain.
And the second – to lower the expensive mechanism of carrying out harvest works, considering once again increased prices for fuels and lubricants and material resources of 3,5 thousand UAH / tn (in 2005 there were 2,8 thousand UAH / tn.)
As to the first tactical task. Considering conditions current it is necessary to expect increase in volume of separate cleaning of the corn. It can make more than 30 % from total area. It is connected by that a part of winter barley podseyana summer, and this non-uniform maturing on 10,4 thousand hectares.
The part of crops remained not processed by herbicides – 57 thousand hectares. The part of the processed areas was caught in the rain, therefore elimination of weeds wasn’t provided. And, at last, after the rains which have passed in the first decade of May, the second wave of weeds went to growth.
Today the main specific structure of weeds on fields is poppy, a delphinium, the dvoychatka, a bindweed, a sow-thistle, that is, that will create porridge in a molotilny drum of the combine to cover decks and sieves, and losses can be to 30 and more percent or 7-10 c/hectares. Besides, there will be a problem with cleaning on currents and loss of quality of grain from warming. Therefore that shouldn’t be saved on separate cleaning of the littered and podseyanny areas. Expenses (to 35 UAH/hectares) will pay off the crop kept from losses (350-500 UAH/hectares) and quality of grain approximately in 10 times.
The main thing at separate cleaning to provide quality svala that it is shaky didn’t lie on the earth, to select are shaky not later than in 2-3 days, to use linen sorters.
When cleaning on fields where straw as organic chemistry will be left, it is necessary to use combines with adaptations for dispersion. It will allow not to plant wreckers, especially the ground beetle, not to burn down straw and not to destroy fauna (perepelov, partridges, leverets).
And still, not to burn down a forest belt as it made last year in a number of areas.
For an example.
In Krasnoperekopska, beyond Ilyinka, a farmer field of 100 hectares – burned straw and an eddish and at the same time destroyed a young forest belt.
The farmers working at adjacent lands with the former SPK "Homeland" of the Simferopol area, having kindled straw, burned not only a forest belt, but also almost whole quarter of a garden of this economy.
As to decrease in the expensive mechanism in carrying out harvest works, here we recommend to arrive as follows. Considering the differentiated difference of productivity grain on fields – not to focus in one field it is high – and low-productive combines, and to distribute them taking into account cost of expenses for cleaning of 1 hectare. High-efficiency combines are expedient for using on cleaning of the areas with productivity about 30 and more than a c/hectare. In this case specific weight of expenses on cleaning of 1 t of grain will make 9-10 % from its cost (180 UAH/hectares at grain cost on the average 650 UAH/t). As servicing at them independent.
The low-productive Field combines should be used on less fruitful fields (20-25 c/hectares), here as specific weight will make within 8-9 % from cost of the cleaned crop (to 120 UAH/hectares at grain cost ≈ 600 UAH/t).
The main stumbling block in carrying out harvest works in the current year is security of fuels and lubricants. Only on cleaning early grain about 11 thousand tn diesel fuel, and taking into account a complex of accompanying works not less than 16 thousand tn are necessary for us. The stock of own diesel fuel at agricultural producers fluctuates within 3,0 thousand tn or 20-22 % of requirement. And deliveries of fuels and lubricants at preferential prices from the state in the current year not will and hope for it there is nothing.
We studied this option with Kiev – the answer unequivocal: agricultural enterprises received in April of the grant for winter, till the end of June will receive for summer and in July for the irrigation areas.
For data:
All documents of the Crimean agricultural enterprises already are in the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, we hope that by the end of the next week of means will arrive to the Crimea.
Thus, from this situation we see an exit in the following:
First option:
– To conclude contracts on attraction of combines with their fuel. Taking into account it cost for 1 hectare of equal 172 UAH, also was calculated further on your discretion.
At most to 190-200 UAH, in process of lengthening of terms of cleaning.
And second option:
It is sale already today parts of a standing crop under forward contracts through the agrotrading houses or the exchanges to provide the biggest parties of purchase of fuels and lubricants at a discount in the price.
One more very serious problem which developed in the Crimea in the current year – is security with seeds of winter barley on the crop’s eve of 2007. There was it because Public service of protection of the rights to grades of plants in 2005 without coordination with the Crimea excluded from the State registry of a grade of winter barley – the Trump, the Cyclone, the Mirage, Secret, specific which weight of the areas in structure occupies more than 60 %. The remained grades Rising, Mikhaylo, the Snow-storm and others don’t provide full need for seeds of winter barley for volume of 3-4 thousand tn (from 17 thousand tn with the population).
Our republican service of seed control, without having made any attempts to permission of this problem, through the central body instructed in regional GSI in a ban of carrying out approbation of these grades and checks of seeds on sowing qualities, referring on imperfect, unfortunately, the Law About seeds and a landing material.
As a result of inaction of seed service of agricultural enterprise of the Crimea would be compelled to reduce a cultivated area of winter barley a minimum by 15 thousand hectares, and in case of crops by seeds of these grades – in 2007 wouldn’t receive the state grant for sowing hectare (100 gr) more than 1,5 million UAH. However yesterday at level of the deputy minister of an agrarian policy of Ukraine – Miller S.I. and the chief of the Ukrainian seed inspection – Malasaya of Century of M this problem is resolved by the ministry, but, unfortunately, without participation of the management of republican seed inspection which the activity reduce only to supervising functions.
Peasants won’t take out one more supervisor – assistants are necessary to them. Therefore you or be reconstructed in the work and become the valid assistants to peasants or the attention to the question will be brought the Central bodies about transformation of your service to laboratory on quality of seeds.
And now about rational use of the grown-up and collected crop. One of the main problems of low level of economy of grown-up grain is that heads of agricultural enterprises and especially small-scale still don’t perceive created structure of the agrarian market, as means of the protection and dictatorship of price policy. Still not izzhit a stereotype of the Soviet period when all questions of price policy in the market, both agricultural production, and material resources were regulated by the state. Today the solution of these questions goes with big pro-slippings. Their acceptance, as a rule, for the Crimea – it already in A svinyachy voice. Example to that last year. While questions of purchases of grain in Gosrezerv were solved and Agrarian funds – the Crimea already finished cleaning, and farms remained without free resources of grain.
Those who hastened to realize it lost generally.
The analysis of the prices for grain of wheat 3 and 4 of classes of a crop of 2005 in the exchange and shadow markets testifies in favor of the organized transparent market. So, for example the difference in the price of wheat food made during the period since August 2005 including March, 2006: 3 classes – from 50 to 110 UAH, 4 classes – from 30 to 90 UAH.
In August, 2005 of 3 C cost 635 at the exchanges and 525 out of the exchange (+110grn); 4 C – 515 at the exchanges and 480 out of the exchange (+30 UAH).
In September of 3 C – 621 at the exchanges and 570 out of the exchange (+51 UAH); 4 C – 510 at the exchanges and 480 out of the exchange (+30 UAH).
In October of 3 C – 621 at the exchanges and 565 out of the exchange (+60 UAH).
In November of 3 C – 710 at the exchanges and 655 out of the exchange (+55 UAH); 4 C – 610 at the exchanges and 520 out of the exchange (+90 UAH).
In December of 3 C – 690 at the exchanges and 595 out of the exchange (+95 UAH); 4 C – 610 at the exchanges and 577 out of the exchange (+33 UAH).
In March of 3 C – 735 at the exchanges and 667 out of the exchange (+68 UAH).
I think that comments here are excessive.
For data – today Valery Hositoshvilli (the head of SPK "Georgia" of the May Day area) – sells the wheat 2 classes to bakers of the Kherson area on 1000 UAH / tn.
By what prices to be guided to us, beginning cleaning of early grain crops? The most reasonable today are the prices for purchase of winter wheat in Agrarian fund, according to the order of the Ministry of an agrarian policy of Ukraine from June 7, 2006.
This order still is today on coordination in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.
And so, purchases of winter wheat, through Agrarian fund, are provided at the prices:
Wheat soft
Min Makh Zalogovaya’s class
1 850 945 680
2 800 890 640
3 700 780 560
4 610 680 488
5 520 580 416
Wheat firm
Min Makh Zalogovaya’s class
1 935 1040 748
2 880 970 704
3 770 850 616
4 640 705 512
5 570 635 456
Some words about safety and quality of a crop. Due to the sharp increase in number of managing subjects as a result of the carried-out reforming many small and medium-sized enterprises had a problem of ensuring appropriate storage of grain not to allow its damage. Annually considerable volumes lose it the quality indicators at storage in primitive conditions of farms. Last year with a plesnevo-musty smell, rescuing the crop, took out grain on Saksky KHP such enterprises, as "Agroholding", KFH "Morning", "Nikolayenko’s" state of emergency, and on the October elevator – state of emergency "Titarev", JSC Simferopolsky.
Probably unreasonably whole year of laborious work on cultivation of a crop to cross out because of impossibility to keep the reaped crop.
Elevators available in the Crimea and the hlebopriyemny enterprises should become reliable partners of agricultural producers in it. It would be desirable to hope for their mutually beneficial cooperation.
Unfortunately after disorder of uniform system of the state elevatorny industry which worked in a uniform tariff mode, there was a pity splinter as a part of the 3rd elevators. All other elevators today – independent commercial structures which at the center put interests of personal welfare, not especially caring of creation of constant clientele and increase of factor of loading of available capacities.
Everyone strives to "inflate" a zernoproizvoditel on quantitative and quality indicators at acceptance of grain, cost of its storage.
In more detail the chief of grain inspection will tell about it – Petrenko Valentin Ivanovn.
I will stop on providing the republic with a foodgrain till a crop of 2007. The full need for a foodgrain for a hlebopecheniye makes 244 thousand tn of them 72 thousand tn should make a three-months insurance stock not reduced to May 1. That is at expected gross collecting wheat over 700 thousand tn. on the food purposes not less than 30 % of its crop should be left in the republic.
With providing with a foodgrain of rural regions of the Crimea of problems isn’t present. This question is solved regional administrations and heads of agricultural enterprises at the expense of calculations for ground shares and calculations for a salary.
The main problem in the republic – this providing with bread of the population of the cities. The city authorities still adhere to a dependant position transferring arrows to the government of the Crimea, and in the government the main whipping boy is the Ministry of an agrarian policy of the republic.
Probably, already it is time to place everything in the places. AP ministry together with regional administrations organized production of necessary quantity of a foodgrain and offer it on domestic market. Further local government bodies of the cities to which very big powers in self-government are conferred should bear responsibility for purchase of necessary volumes. It is committee on trade, monopolists of a hlebopecheniye – Krymkhleb and Respotrebsoyuz.
And the Department of Economic Affairs should carry out the general coordination.
Will suffice these bodies to live off the Ministries of an agrarian policy. It should be engaged already in a crop of 2007.
Preparation of forages
Despite attempts of many heads of farms to destroy animal husbandry branch, it still shows survivability miracles. Therefore the question of providing branch all types of forages on the forthcoming wintering of 2006-2007 is not less important, than harvesting grain.
Weather conditions of the current year are extremely favorable for production both early, and late forage crops.
Today not only on fields, but also on natural grounds magnificent herbage is created. And the one who isn’t lazy, with little effort will provide animals with hay and senazhy.
Most actively conduct preparation of hay of an economy of Kirovski – 31,3 thousand tn; + 11 thousand tn to level of 2005, Lenin – 15 thousand tn; + 9 thousand tn, Simferopol – 17,6 thousand tn; +10 thousand tn.
Despite favorable conditions for preparation of forages in the current year – calculations show that separate areas can not provide full requirement of all types of forages on the forthcoming wintering. Of what administrations, managements, heads of the enterprises of the Dzhankoysky area (4,3 thousand tn from 14,1 thousand tn), Nizhnegorsky (3,8 thousand tn from 14,0 thousand tn), Krasnoperekopsky (3,2 thousand tn from 8,3 thousand tn), Black Sea (1,4 thousand tn from 18,0 thousand tn) think.
Cleaning of long-term herbs of the first hay crop is extremely slowly conducted. Remelting on a root, the weight is lost and quality of prepared forages decreases. But also, it creates a problem at the introduction in cleaning grain as it is necessary to be broken off on two fronts, and it always leads to defeat.
The analysis of cultivated areas of forage crops shows that in a number of areas the planned areas of crops don’t provide need for green material for senazha and a silo, prepared to public animal husbandry, and also in green sterns taking into account 50 % of requirement of cattle of the population.
It first of all belongs to agricultural enterprises of the Kirov area where deficiency of green material is expected about 10 thousand tons, Razdolnensky – deficiency of green material about 5 thousand tons, the Soviet area where it is necessary to sow 240 hectares of forage crops in addition.
Now it is easily possible to eliminate these shortcomings at the expense of repeated crops and acceleration of rates of cleaning of already grown up crop.
Finishing the performance, I want to note that in the current year in the Crimea there are no serious reasons which wouldn’t allow in due time and to carry out qualitatively a complex of harvest works and to provide the population and guests of the Crimea with bread and bakery products.