In this article of the recommendation about an agrotechnology of cultivation of sweet cherry. Methods of fight against starlings and a cherry flour are given.
Ukrainians very much like to grow up in the gardens of sweet cherry. These trees bear very tasty dessert fruits and every year give a generous crop. Having correctly picked up grades, it is possible to regale on fresh sweet cherries whole two months. And for a human body and it is not necessary to speak about their biological value. They contain sugar in a legkousvoyaemy form, organic acids, vitamins C, V2, V9 and active connections. At the same time or maybe simply features of an agrotechnology should refer their rather late fructification to shortcomings (for fifth or sixth), high-tallness (6 – 8 and even 12 m) and defeat by specific wreckers.
In Ukraine the greatest harm to sweet cherry is brought by starlings and a cherry fly. The last – the most, dangerous insect among wreckers of sweet cherry, because of it average and pozdnosozrevayushchy grades most of all suffer. The fly postpones eggs in the berries, the hatching larva eats a crumb, and fruits become unsuitable to consumption. In the top part of krone of berry are surprised less, than in average and bottom. Dolls of a cherry fly winter in the soil on depth 2-5 see. At the end of May – the beginning of June, just during acacia flowering, the fly leaves the soil and postpones eggs. Therefore at this time it is necessary to process average and late-ripening grades a preparation aktelik.
And at early ripe sweet cherry the enemies – starlings. Already and shining and cracking effigies gardeners hang out, and petards blow up, and until the mulberry (winged wreckers are switched to it) will ripen, the crop of sweet cherry is destroyed by improbable rates. And this problem is characteristic not only for our time.
In the West this problem is solved simply: on an undersized tree of sweet cherry
throw a protective grid – and the crop is rescued. In Ukraine one problem smoothly
flows in another: sweet cherry generally grow up on seyanets of wild sweet cherry, and it
8 – 12 m in height – to clean fruits from such tree it is very heavy. Vegetative stocks
for the sweet cherry, promoting moderate growth of trees, didn’t receive the wide
distributions in gardens of Ukrainians first of all demand the high
agricultural technicians (watering, top dressing, mulchirovaniye).
The vegetative stock of the Russian selection VSL-2 is compatible not to all grades of sweet cherry and is subject to virus diseases. Sweet cherry cultivation on a magalebsky cherry (antipke) slightly reduces the sizes of krone – to 20 %. An exit from a problem situation one: to impart on seyanets of wild sweet cherry high-quality through an intermediate (interkalyarny) insert. As show researches, its length should be not less than 50 – 60 cm that considerably exceeds the standard length interkalyara, for example, for an apple-tree. In this case growth of the imparted sapling is slowed down twice. Technology of receiving saplings with an intermediate insert is as follows:
- in the first year on a seyanets of sweet cherry impart a slaborosly grade – it can be
Van compact, Silva, Nyyustar, cherries Studenykivsky, Nordstar or slaborosly
stock of Frutana-8;
- the next year on 50 – 60 cm above a place of the previous inoculation we impart that grade of sweet cherry which us interests.
Thanks to an intermediate insert the scion of sweet cherry grows only to 3 m and quickly, for second or third, starts to fructify.
The problem of the late introduction of sweet cherry is connected with a problem of a silnoroslost in fructification as this culture fructifies not on an annual gain, and only on buketny branches, that is on long-term wood also. Exit one: to pick up bystroplodny, moderate growth of a grade which can be protected from wreckers thanks to compactness of a tree.
The bystroplodny grade of sweet cherry of the Belarusian selection of Gaspadark became pleasant opening. It has fruits of average size, an oval form, mass of 3 – 5 g, yellow, with a red dim flush and pleasant on taste. On a bystroplodnost to this grade isn’t present equal among other sweet cherries. The annual scions left in a nursery blossom and for the second year fasten a crop on an annual gain, at the escape basis. The next years this grade at small growth gives permanently plentiful crop. It would be good to use Gaspadarka in selection as the donor of a skoroplodnost.
Silvius’s also Canadian grade is interesting: it slaborosly, early enters fructification – for the third year, plentifully and annually fructifies. It is better for imparting on tall seyanets of wild sweet cherry. It differs quite high samoplodnost. Fruits at Silvia large, in the conditions of watering can reach weight to 10 g. A thin skin at them dark red, a crumb firm. This grade – typical bigarro, pleasant on taste, transportable, capable a progressive tense to be stored in the refrigerator. Ripens in Ukraine on June 20 – 25. Thanks to compact krone this sweet cherry is quite suitable for dense landings. More silnorosly Canadian grade of New Is old. The Slaboroslost Brands, Van a compact differ Bigarro Starking, Early. Among domestic grades more or less compact krone at Ethics, Donetsk early and Chernyavki.
Certainly, the grade considerably defines success of business, but it is necessary to remember and that without an appropriate agrotechnology, that is careful leaving, the garden is doomed to vegetation.
P. MASUR managing research laboratory of gardening of NENTs.
(On Ogorodnik magazine materials).