In the publication the most widespread wreckers and fig diseases, and also measures of fight against them are listed.
My subtropics
My subtropics
Fig one of subtropical cultures of the most widespread in the Crimea. However oho uspeshnomu to cultivation prepyatstvuet a number of wreckers and mushroom diseases. The most sushcheyostvenny harm is caused by an inzhirovy ognyovka, an inzhirovy listobloshka and an inzhirovy plant louse. From diseases follows otmetit antraknoz, fuzarioz fruits and gray decay.
Inzhirovy ognyovka razvivaetsya in three generations. Caterpillars skeletiruyut leaves, and in maturing of fruits eat their pulp, causing deformation and rotting.
The Inzhirovy listobloshka within a year gives one poyokoleniye. Larvae, nymphs and adult insects eat cellular juice of leaves, and at high number zaselyayut young escapes and fruits. As a result of a mass porayozheniye escapes lag behind in growth, leaves dry up and fall down. The damaged fruits smorshhivayutsya and also fall down. Lisyotobloshka besides and perenoschik a virus disease – mosaics of leaves, and on its sladyoky vydeleniye appears the sayozhisty fungus reducing toyovarny qualities of fruits.
The Inzhirovy plant louse raspolagaetsya, generally from the bottom party of leaves colonies, mainly, along a glavyony vein of a leaf, passes further to escapes, leaves and fruits. Meets ochagovo.
Antraknoz strikes listya and fruits. Dark-brown spots (their middle pressed) appear on fruits in seredine June. Fruits rot, become wrinkled and fall down. The mushroom winters in opavyoshy leaves and fruits.
Fuzarioz of fruits proyavlyaetsya in maturing though infection occurs during pollination. Having got inside a soyotsvetiya, the mushroom is caused zagnivayony internal fabrics by a soplodiya.
Gray decay strikes and pobegi, and fruits. On fruits obrazuyutsya the brown spots which are gradually increasing and zakhvatyvayuyoshchy all fruit. On a surface of the struck fabrics there is a grayish fluffy raid. The fruit decreases in the sizes, mumificiruetsya and remains in such look on branches for the winter.
For prevention of masyosovy development of vysheperechisyolenny wreckers and diseases it is necessary to carry out to the winter period (December-February) fytosanitory to a scrap of porayozhenny branches, to bring together them and to burn. Fallen-down foliage and mumiyofitsirovanny fruits also neobxodimo to destroy.
Further the main sistema protective measures on a fig will be reduced to carrying out processings in fenofazy a razdvizheniye cheshuj and prior to the beginning of maturing against an ognyovka, a listobloshka and a plant louse.
For fight against these vrediyotel the first spraying is recommended to carry out in fenofazu a razdvizheniye cheshuj (roughly, it it is a koyonets of March) against wintering stages of wreckers. In this period good results give emulsions of mineral oils – Preparations No. 30, 30 With and 30 In (concentration of a preparation 2,5-3,0 %), providing prakticheski elimination of peyorezimovavshy wreckers and causative agents of diseases.
In fenofazu emergence listev (April) for pest control is used by fosfororganichesky preparations: for example, Aktellik (0,2 %) or Zolon (0,2 %). For profilaktiki diseases to preparations it is necessary to add medsoyoderzhashchiya fungicid (The champion, kuproksat, Ridomil Gold, Ordan – in concentration, rekoyomendovanny firms – proizyovoditel; are usually specified on preparation packing).
The subsequent processings carry out in fenofazy cultural development a full oblistveniye (May) and emergence of summer soplodiya (June) the same preparations.
In years with damp summer at the beginning of maturing early sortov (July-August) one more opryskivayony against gray decay with an isyopolzovaniye specific fungicidov, capable predotvratit is necessary to carry out development of it opasnogo diseases. Rekomenduyutsya: Topsin of M (concentration of a preparation 0,1 %), Horus (0,02 %) or Teldor (0,8 %).
Thus, at prayovilny and timely application of pesticides, chetyrmya (in separate years – five) processings during the season it is possible to protect completely a fig from the main vrediteyoly and diseases.
E. BALYKINA, senior research associate of NNTs Nikitsky botanical garden, Candidate of Biology.