The author writes about taken place in Yalta at Institute of grapes and wine of the international scientific conference devoted to the 130 anniversary since the birth of the academician of S. P. Kostychev, provides contents of reports and performances, bench messages.
(from the international scientific conference, devoted to the 130 anniversary since the birth of academician S.
(from the international scientific conference devoted to the 130 anniversary since the birth of academician S.P.Kostychev)
This year we celebrate the 130 anniversary since the birth of the well-known scientist, Sergey Pavlovich Kostychev. The academician S. P. Kostychev based and headed the All-Russia research institute of agricultural microbiology (in St. Petersburg). Working at a joint of two sciences – microbiology and physiology of plants, it studied various types of processes of photosynthesis of plants, fermentativny processes (spirit and lactic fermentation) and breath of microorganisms. It is widely known that S.P.Kostychev studied ecology of an azotobakter, microbiological transformation of nitrogen in the soil and a role of a biological factor in soil formation. It organized regular researches of microflora of soils of the Soviet Union. The scientist gave great attention to vegetative and microbic interactions. Its many researches are devoted to biodynamics of soils of the South of Ukraine and the Crimean Mountains. S. P. Kostychev organized laboratory on studying of soils of the Crimea which settled down in Alushta. Here, in Alushta, S.P.Kostychev also it was buried.
Considering a huge contribution of the academician of S. P. Kostychev to development of a science and formation of agricultural microbiology to the USSR as sciences, the International scientific conference S.P.Kostychev and modern agricultural microbiology was dated for his 130 anniversary and devoted to his memory.
Conference was organized by the Ukrainian academy of agrarian sciences, the Russian academy of agrarian sciences, National academy of Sciences of Ukraine which were presented by Institute of agricultural microbiology of UAAN, the Southern experimental station of ISHM UAAN, the All-Russia Institute of agricultural microbiology of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, microbiology and virology Institute of D.K.Zabolotnogo to NANU, Society of microbiologists of Ukraine of S.N.Vinogradsky’s name. It passed in Yalta from October 8 to October 12, at Institute of grapes and winemaking of "Magarach".
140 participants of conference from Germany, Poland, Georgia, Russia, Belarus and Ukraine represented 26 scientific organizations and institutes. Russia scientists of the All-Russia National research institute of agricultural microbiology, the St. Petersburg state university, the Moscow agrarian academy of Timiryazev represented, the Moscow State University of a name of M of Century of Lomonosov, Institute of biochemistry and physiology of plants and microorganisms, Institute of biochemistry of a name A.N. Bach; Belarus – representatives of Institute of microbiology, from Poland arrived scientists of Institute of immunology and experimental therapy, the Polish academy of Sciences, Georgia we represent Institute of biochemistry and biotechnology of a name of S. Durmishidze, Germany – National scientific center of environment and health, Ukraine was represented by Institute of agricultural microbiology, the Southern experimental station of ISHM UAAN, Institute of microbiology and virology of a name of. To. Zabolotnogo, Institute of physiology of plants and genetics, Lugansk institute of selection and technologies, Taurian national university of a name of Vernadsky, National botanical garden of a name of N. N. Grishko, agroecology Institute, Ternopol national pedagogical university of a name of V. Gnatyuk, Research Center VS of Ukraine "State oceanarium", Nikitsky botanical garden, Sevastopol plant of sparkling wines, National institute of grapes and winemaking of "Magarach", Kiev national university of a name of T.Shevchenko, Ukrainian academy of agrarian sciences.
The scientific program of conference was saturated and included the following sections: molecular and genetic mechanisms of vegetative and microbic interactions, vegetative and microbic interactions in base sciences, microbic metabolites, ecology of microorganisms and practical application of microorganisms. Work passed very interestingly and fruitfully: more than 20 scientific reports were heard and discussed, more than 50 bench messages are presented.
In section Practical application of microorganisms employees VNIISXM Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences (Russia) presented the report on efficiency of use of microbiological preparations in agricultural industry of the Russian Federation. So, application of a preparation of klubenkovy bacteria for bean cultures makes 15-30 %, as a whole additional quantity of a protein reaches 200-500 kg/hectares. Application of the associative microorganisms, capable to improve growth and development of plants at the expense of optimization of a mineral food (An azotfiksatsiya, a fosfatmobilizatsiya) synthesis fitogomonov, biocontrol of pathogens etc., raises a grain yield of cultures for 15-30 %, vegetable – for 20-40 %, fodder – for 20-50 %. Quality of production Besides, improves, so, for example, in tomatoes and a sugar beet the content of sugars for 1,5-3 %, a squirrel increases in the grain – on 1 – 2,5 %.
Researchers of Institute of microbiology of Belarus showed efficiency of use of the complex preparation consisting of klubenkovy and fosfatmobiliziruyushchy microorganisms, at cultivation of bean herbs.
Scientists of Institute of microbiology and virology of NAN of Ukraine presented interesting data on application of fosfatmobiliziruyushchy microorganisms at cultivation of a sugar beet.
Works of research associates of Institute of a selskokholzyaystvenny mikrobilogiya (Chernigov) and Institute of physiology and genetics of plants (Kiev) are devoted to research of influence on growth and development of plants of microbiological preparations in common with growth factors of plants. Their efficiency on sunflower, a sugar beet, winter wheat is shown.
The staff of the Southern experimental station of Institute of agricultural microbiology presented reports on use of preparations fosfoenterina for improvement of a phosphoric food of plants and improvement of growth of barley and a rape.
Together with scientists of the Nikitsky botanical garden they presented work on use of microorganisms at cultivation of fruit trees.
Huge value was given to improvement of various methods of microbiological researches, definition of the minimum doses of mineral fertilizers by means of microorganisms. Reports on this subject were presented by scientists.
Scientists of the Crimea in the reports emphasized need of distribution of systems of organic (biological) agriculture as the Crimea is a popular recreational and improving zone.
Red thread in reports and performances passed thought on need of reasonable restriction of application of chemical fertilizers and means of protection of plants as it economically and, the main thing is, energetically, unprofitable in modern conditions (big constantly planet increasing population, energy and ecological crisis), and their replacements by ecologically safe microbiological preparations.
Except the scientific program prior to the beginning of conference and after it excursions in the most beautiful corners of the Crimea – palaces of Yuzhnoborezhya, the Nikitsky botanical garden were organized. Also wine tasting at grapes and Magarach wine Institute was organized.
Scientific communication was so fruitful and interesting to all participants of conference that it was offered to organize in the Crimea schools of young scientists and annual Kostychevsky readings.
T.Parkhomenko, the deputy director on scientific work, the candidate of agricultural sciences of the Southern experimental station of Institute of agricultural microbiology of UAAN.