Article about the Californian shchitovka – the wrecker of plodovoyagodny, decorative and wood breeds. Recommendations about fight against it in the agrotechnical and chemical ways.
From the quarantine wreckers who are available in the territory of the Crimea, the most dangerous and trudnoiskorenimy is the Californian shchitovka. The wrecker damages many fruit, berry, decorative and wood breeds. In total near 270vidov plants from 84 families. The greatest harm puts to an apple-tree, a pear, a peach and plum.
Shchitovka settles considerable colonies on shtambe, branches, leaves and fruits, exhausts trees, causes cracking and bark dying off, premature leaf fall, gain reduction, a curvature and drying up of escapes, crushing and deformation of fruits. On fruits and young escapes in places of damage there are characteristic red spots. Strongly damaged trees perish. Marriage of fruits even at weak degree of infection of trees is very high: at the first degree of 50-60 % of fruits it can be struck with a shchitovka, at the second – 80-90 %, and at the third and fourth degree all crop can be damaged.
The Californian shchitovka – a small sucking insect. The body of a female roundish, citreous color, from above is covered round darkly – a gray guard to 2mm. Feet, wings and eyes are undeveloped. The adult male flies. There live some hours, perish after fertilisation of a female.
The wrecker in a stage of a larva of the first age under a black guard on a bark of trunks and branches of the damaged tree winters. In the spring when the daily average temperature reaches +7,3°S, larvae start to eat. Development from larvae of the first age to adult females occurs in 50-60 days.
In the Crimea the Californian shchitovka develops in two generations (June, August). Each female otrozhdaet to 100-120 live larvae – vagabonds who creep away on trunks, branches, leaves, fruits. "Vagabonds" stick to fabrics of plants within 2 hours, then become motionless and become covered from above by a guard.
The Californian shchitovka is characterized by big plasticity – lives and develops in various climatic conditions, survives at – 40°S and +45°S.
The Californian shchitovka with a landing and vaccinating material – saplings and shanks extends. Larvae – vagabonds can creep from a tree on a tree on being closed branches and is transferred on clothes of people. In the Crimea it is widespread everywhere.
With a view of timely identification of the centers of infection by the Californian shchitovka, and also scopings of works on fight against this wrecker, make inspections of damaged plants.
Inspections carry out visually or feromonny traps. Traps establish at the rate of 1 trap on 1-2 during summer of males. Optimum period of installation of traps from July 15 to August 15.
At identification of the wrecker carry out fight against it in the agrotechnical and chemical ways:
– careful cleaning of fruit-trees of the died-off bark under which there can be shchitovka colonies with the subsequent its burning; destruction of all branches, boughs after scraps; reduction of kroner of high trees for ensuring more careful processing with chemical preparations;
– during the early-spring period in industrial gardens processing by DNOK preparation (40 %), by the Preparation No. 30 or it is combined; in vegetation – preparations of Bi-58 of New 40 % k.e.; Zolon, Nurrel D, Sumition.
– on personal plots in vegetation processing by preparations Konfidor century to. and Mospilan of genitive.
It is necessary to remember also that for a laying of new gardens and reconstruction old it is necessary to use only not infected landing material. The document confirming absence of quarantine wreckers in a live condition, including the Californian shchitovka, the quarantine certificate issued by experts of Krymgoskarantin in a place of an origin of a landing material is.
In the area the early-spring obmyvka of fructifying gardens is planned for squares 231ga by the combined preparations of DNOK + the Preparation No. 30. Agricultural enterprises of the enterprise are ready to carry out processing under favorable weather conditions.
V. Chernobayev, state inspector of May Day regional quarantine point, T.Bratishko, leading agriculturist of May Day station of protection of plants.